People’s Republic of China Essay

Different countries have different societal structures, cultural norms and ways of forming relationships. China has strong traditions and moral values, borne out of a long history. Food In China, food is an important part of life. The official Language of China is Mandarin. In the Chinese culture there are a vast of Morals and Values that range from humility to respect and are very important in the Chinese culture. There are two main religions in the Chinese culture. Taoism, also known as Daoism, is based on the teachings of the Tao Te Ching, which was written  in China in the 6th century BC. The emphasis is on finding spiritual harmony within the individual. Buddhism is the dominant religion in China. This began in India 2, 500 years ago and follows the teachings of the Buddha, â€Å"The Enlightened One. † In China, Mahayana Buddhism is particularly common. In this form of Buddhism the path to liberation involves religious ritual, meditation and devotion. The social structure of China is a hierarchical and formal social structure. For example, in the family, children are expected to respect their elders with the eldest  family member commanding the greatest respect In the Chinese culture family is defined as mother, father and children. When the female child marries she then is a member of her husband’s family and is no longer considered as a member of her family that she was born into. Therefore the family then consists of Mother, father, son and daughter n laws and children. The oldest male in the family has he most status. This person is considered to be the oldest and the wisest therefore has the most status. In the Chinese culture success is determined by purpose. The definition of purpose is the  reason for which something exists. Meaning, â€Å"Why are we here? † In the Chinese culture they strongly believe in a creator. The creator defines there purpose for them. Amy stated that â€Å"Every moment of every day, I live my life according to what I believe†. Every decision is based on a set of values that guides her in determining the direction she is to go. When asked if she considered her parent to be successful. Her response was yes. She feels as though her parent’s success is measured by what their purpose was. Her mother purpose was to be a house wife and  take care of the home and her father’s purpose was to work and to provide for the family. Education in the Chinese culture is very important. It starts when the child is very young and in the home. In China, parents are the first educators of their children. Therefore, family education is the most basic and important education model of their culture. Given the importance of family education, parents put more and more effort in educating their children and helping them grow as persons. Amy stated that her parent always demanded that she get good grades in school. She had to attend extra classes to help her achiever higher grades and she was continuously involved in numerous activities ranging from art, dance or musical classes. She stated that she didn’t have much of a say in choosing her classes or clubs that she was a member of. Her parents made all of these decisions for her. Chinese parents tend to care so much about their children’s studies that they don’t ask them to help in any other daily tasks. The primary requirement for children is to study hard, do well in exams and graduate from reputable universities so that they could have careers. The reason for this on one hand is children’s own good, as in a populated and highly competitive society like the Chinese, good academic scores can probably guarantee a bright future; on the other hand, it is a traditional value orientation that parents will be respected if their children have great achievements in society. Therefore, Chinese parents are willing to self-sacrifice and give up their own time, hobbies and interests in order to provide better conditions for their children. In the Chinese culture breakfat is the most important meal. Most Chinese persons start  there day out woth a bowl of Congee, which is like a watery rice that can be seasoned just to give it more flavor, it can be sweet or salty or even spicy and, sometimes, with vegetables, meat or mushrooms if the person chooses. Another typical food that the Chinese people eat for breakfast is Crullers, they call them also the â€Å"deep-fried-devils† and they are basically twisted strips of dough that been deeply fried in oil, they are very popular in the street stands. The Crullers always are eaten with congee. In China, food is an important part of life. Sharing a meal is the common way to socialize in the same way that We may go to a bar or pub for a drink. In the Chinese culture they have a strong ‘waste not, want not’ . This means they can make a meal out of just about any combination with rice or noodles. In the Chinese culture ricer and noodles are like bread to our culture. It’s a common part of every meal. I asked Amy if racism existed in China and she told me no. I asked her ‘what do you think of black people’ or ‘what do you think of Japanese people’, and the answers that she gave me were very racist responses. In my opinion her responses showed me that racism against black people may be the strongest form of racism in China. I asked her how would her family react if she had of married a black man. She stated that she would probably get disowned. She said this is because most black people are known to have very little status or money unless they are basketball players or entertainers. Now the racism against Japanese People in China is just as bad. Some children in China are taught hate songs against Japanese people in elementary school – and history books in China that deal with Japan focus almost exclusively on the terrible things  Japan did around World War II, ignoring much of Japan’s recent history. This project opened my eyes to the differences among cultures. I didn’t truly understand why some of my coworkers that were Chinese acted the way that they did. For example; Amy would never give a direct answer especially of the answer was no. This was because in her culture it was not a common thing to say no, and when one did say no it meant that the relationship was now ended. She would always say, I’m not sure or maybe. This then protected her from having to end out working relationship. She also was not very affectionate. In her  culture displays of affection were seen as disrespectful. I can remember a time when we had got some great news within out department and she was sitting next to me. I immediately reached out and hugged her because she was the main person that worked on the project with me. I felt a little weird after the embrace because I felt as though I violated her space. But after doing this research on her culture I now understand why. I started out in this class not understanding what I would truly learn from this. But after the assignment I have learned how to effectively communicate with coworkers of the Chinese culture.

Cheating on College Examinations

Any form of cheating is a form of dishonesty. It is an act of accomplishing something in an unethical behavior. Cheating is used in any kinds of exams, especially college exams. Does it really happen? Sure it does. We argue that many college students cheat during examinations because of several reasons. They can be nervous that is why they cheat, it can also be a reason of time management wherein some college students also work while taking time to attend school classes or, maybe they are Just lazy enough to study ahead of examination date.There are a lot of reasons why cheating on college exams happens and along with it, there are numerous effects out of cheating. Whatever the reason behind cheating, still it is an act of dishonesty and unethical conduct; besides the reality that cheating on college exams is also cheating yourself. Cheating on College Exams One of the most common reasons why student cheats on college exams is that he just forgot to study, so it is more likely that h e will cheat, but as an effect, there is a high possibility that his teacher might catch him while doing it or even worse, fail the xam after cheating because of different set of examinations.Another common reason for cheating is to complete the course as shortly as doable. In todays world, once you look into the word cheating you'll be able to realize several definitions and meanings for it. Everyone contains a completely different definition for the word cheating. Students will always find the way to cheat with the use of reference materials or by obtaining the solutions ahead of time to be ready for a closed book test. Some students pay others to complete their schoolwork. Cheating could be a concern for all colleges and teachers.Students forever find the way to avoid the results of cheating, notwithstanding how rigorously colleges work to stop it. For some students, cheating is an easy way to get better grades. Although several students assume that their individual dishonesty wo n't have an effect on anyone else, negative outcomes would still have impacts towards their personal knowledge. One impact of student cheating is that they are not learning accordingly. Some students get into the cheating habits, they do not study and in the long run, this habit affects their career development.Once the student decides to cheat, he could or might not understand he material. What a student fails to understand is that the material that the course is covering could be a necessity to use in daily life. Whatever the student doesn't learn within the course as a result of cheating can have an effect on them to get an employment with a decent pay, as a result of the fact that the student never learned the course material. Once a student takes an exam, its results are supposed to show the amount of information learned that the student has on the material that his course offers.In fact, there would be no employer who will keep someone that has no he numerous negative outcomes that cheating provides aside from not being true and honest to their self, which surely will have negative effect on students. Cheating on college exams has an effect on students one time or another throughout their school life. As mentioned, no good comes from college exam cheating because in doing this, you are cheating yourself. Once caught during college exams, a consequence comes in.As a result, a student may receive the maximum punishment their teacher can give, especially those who are hard on their students. On the other hand, there are teachers who are quite lenient with their students. Minimal unishment such as warning may be given to the student as an effect of cheating. However, cheating on college exam is commonly occurring if the student lacks effort with their studies. Students may not be able to attend his class due to some reasons, leading them to cheat during examination.Whatever the reasons for absence are, the point is they are not likely to pass through their o wn knowledge besides the fact that it will be more complex for them to cope with the upcoming lectures. That reality, which shows students who want to pass on the subjects that they find difficult for them, is also another cause why they cheat on college exam. There are times that a student, no matter how hard he studies, still finds it hard to cope with lectures in a specific subject causing him to cheat during exams.A student may also be forced to cheat if there is a parental expectation regarding his grades. Another common reason why they cheat on college exam is because of the other students who also cheat, especially when they found out that the head of the class also cheats making them realize that cheating will give them better grades. If this is the case an effect would be more and more students will be attempted to cheat during exams rovided that the first one who committed it was not caught.Conclusion Cheating on college exams is one of the most common behaviors that some students do. A cheater may find it helpful as it may lessen his or her effort to pass the exam, hence getting higher grade is possible without an effort if they cheat. Yes, it can help a student, but it will Just be a temporary help because cheating on exams will never help them learn, which is opposed to their primary purpose of attending college course. Additionally, cheating without learning is like admitting your weakness and letting the learning opportunity pass through your hands.

ATP Life Assurances Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

ATP Life Assurances - Case Study Example While it sounds like it would take much time to monitor each IT project, the company already has formed a very solid routine for doing this every time it needs to. Each IT project is measured in order to make sure it is both efficient and effective while it is being developed, and after the analysis, either a red, yellow, or green label is placed on the system to demonstrate the status of the project. Some of the projects are actually analyzed more than once-these projects are those that are considered "more important" for a variety of reasons. Senior line managers, the Managing Director and chief operating officers are all provided with a monthly report regarding the status of projects that are valued at more than 250K and those that deal with important strategic content. Still, the company does even more to assure that the projects are successful. Another extra step is taken by ATP Life Assurance by using an investment-tracking database for each IT project in order to analyze costs as they proceed. Doing this gives the company members a chance to decide quickly whether a project should be pushed or pulled depending on the financial status and other items that are reported to the employees (Obrien and Marakas). I feel that these six key items are important because they will provide the stakeholders as well as the employees with a basic understanding of what each IT group concept needs to review for success. First, any project should always be initially organized, whether it appears that it may be initially successful or not. The key ideas and concepts need to be organized and keyed in by IT so that they can use the information for the future. The next key concept is to discuss the project, in order to make certain that everybody is aware of what is going on. This would also allow others to contribute their own thoughts or ideas to the project in order to make the project the best it could be. Next, the work flow is a very important item to consider. Work flow can make or break many projects, and a timeframe is always important to determine the success of a concept. How much time should be invested in it Is there a cut-off here When should the company give up on the concept (Seven Steps) Al l of this needs to be taken into consideration. It is also important for the company to set reasonable objectives when forming a project. If a company shoots for notions that are too high, it can devastate its feelings of morale and have an overall negative effect on its employees. However, if it focuses on achieving something much below what it might have been able to do, it is not performing to its full, effective value, which is also a problem. Some kind of happy medium must be found in this concept in order to resolve the

Investigation in Cybercrime (Banking Sector) Literature review

Investigation in Cybercrime (Banking Sector) - Literature review Example The types of crimes committed involve money laundering, accounts hacking, credit cards passwords retrieval, figures fudging ,all these crimes are quite common in modern day and for this purpose various entities have been formed that are specialized in looking after crimes performed over the internet and use of electronic equipments in banking sector . A survey conducted by C.E.R.T stated that only in the year 2003, a total of 666 million US Dollars were fudged by cyber crimes in the field of business [1].These are either as a result of an insider, or intruders that use the tactic of phishing and impersonating as the real owner of account .The banking sector in broader spectrum consists of private and public sector, corporate enterprises and foreign banks. It is being stated that one in 20 credit card holders come across credit card fraud and total amount reported due to this wrongful act results in total of 4 billion US Dollars annually. The concerned authorities look into various as pects of the crime committed, they are well prepared and trained to look into the technical aspects of the crime .Once a crime is committed , the first and foremost step by the administrative authority is to freeze the evidence. Mostly the evidence is in form of electronic traces, this includes the id used, the internet route used , portable hard drives, credit card skimmers, and the I.p addresses of the users that have accessed any account. Different tactics are used for performing these tasks, usually creation of website in part of the world other than the place where the culprits are operating from. Computers can either be the victim or the source for committing any wrongful act. This may also include any phone calls made pertaining to the crime. Online banking means are quite common these days. Auctions conducted online are another soft target for cyber criminals. Embezzlement of approximately 135 Million Euros took place through the use of card over internet .in the year 2010, online banking fraud resulted in loss of 46.7 million Euros [2].Online banking fraud takes places when the victim’s information is accessed and transactions are made pretending to be the real owner of account .it is being reported that 30 percent of the banking sector crimes that take place have internal employees involved in it directly or indirectly. A new York based bank Union Dime Saving Bank came across cyber crime when a total of $1.4 million U.S were embezzled through a crime committed through use of computers and accounts tracing[3]. While unearthing the crime in banking sector an important aspect of the overall investigation process is to ensure the originality of the evidence which is in form of digital evidence. The court needs the evidence in its original form. Electronic evidence is normally quite fragile therefore it demands extra care. Damaged or altered evidence is no good and cannot be presented in court of justice. The people employed must be aware of the fa ct that special care is needed in handling the evidence and they are provided with proper training on this matter. The digital evidence is just like D.N.A or finger prints evidence that is spotted on the scene. The â€Å"

Leadership Pathways - Human resources Assignment

Leadership Pathways - Human resources - Assignment Example Management is a process, which involves coordination of activities within an organization to encourage teamwork through innovative ways to achieve predetermined objectives. However, poor management plays a critical role in degrading efficiency, which translates to irate employees thus, poor overall performance of the organization. Therefore, it is crucial that sound management exist to formulate policies, supervise and provide oversight within the organization for enhanced efficiency, which translates to increased profit margins. In line with the human resource frame illustrated above, I find the school’s dean of students as a key asset within the school setting. This is supported by the character and qualities that he displays, as he is committed and focused on his responsibilities, which he dispenses competently. Thus, the vision and objectives of the institution are effectively overseen and implemented facilitating smooth running of activities. Similarly, the dean is an effective team player encouraging his staff to exercise tolerance and uphold the best of their values, hence keeping them motivated. In addition, the dean is an effective communicator as well as a good listener, which comes in handy during problem solving and relaying new

International Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

International Policy - Essay Example Poverty and how to reduce it has been a concern from the time of Adam Smith until today. My view is that poverty can not be eradicated; it can only be reduced to certain levels. To ensure that all countries globally are developed is ideal. The plan of the Canadian government, being one of the developed countries, is to aid the developing countries to eradicate poverty. There has been great improvement in human development through the implementations of the MDGs. A significant number of people are living on more than a dollar a day for example, the number of people who lived below a dollar a day decreased by 50% in East Asia and reduced by 7% in South Asia ( Canada International Development Agency). Prevalence of hunger has reduced by half in 57 countries in the last three decades. I believe that if MDGs are followed, the world will have fewer people suffering due to poverty and diseases like HIV/AIDS, TB, and malaria. Canada, joining other developed countries in fighting poverty, is a way of enhancing decency and fairness all over the world. With the MDGs implementations, literacy levels have been seen to increase. A majority of the women and young girls have attained basic education. Women play a vital role in developing a nation. Thus the high literacy levels show that developing countries will start experience high Gross National Product or Gross Domestic Product (GNP/GDP) as long as the women and girls are gaining from the education. Criticisms Regarding the International Policy Statement Trying to eradicate poverty globally has many obstacles. From the time of Adam Smith, economic, social and political policies have been a major source of concern. First of all, giving donor aid to the developing countries has been nothing but a failure since it started. There is no single developing country that has come up by being given grants and loans. The developing countries have had a challenge of repaying the money given to them by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank due to increasing interest rates and low or negative GDP levels. They are unable to pay the money because: The money is never used for its aimed purpose. The money usually lands in the hands of politicians who use the money for their own self interests and most countries cannot account for it. There is so much corruption in the leadership of the countries. Money does not trickle down to those who truly need it because the leaders take it and use it for their own personal needs. The money is given with strict conditions. The country in need ends up spending money to improve what the donors think they should improve and not what the people really need. For instance, a country will be told to prepare roads to enhance its transport system but what it really needs are boreholes to get water for its citizen's daily use. The money never trickles down to the citizens of the particular country. This is so because the donor country comes in with its machinery and workers leaving citizens of that particular country unemployed. The donor country ends up paying its own citizens instead of using workers and machinery in the developing country. Aid heightens the levels of dependency. The developing c

Analyze the case and answer the questions Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Analyze the and answer the questions - Case Study Example The level of hemoglobin of a patient who is suffering from lymphocytosis is likely to drop to about 7.4g/dL. This means that the red blood cell count may be reduced if anemia is present secondary to bone marrow infiltration with cancer cells. The level of platelets of a patient that has ALL will be low. The symptoms include pitting edema, petechia, bone pain, generalized weakness and anemia. There are numerous pains that are associated Acute lymphoblastic leukemia which include excessive brusing, joint pain, bome pain, enlarged lymp nodes and swelling of stoamch. (Johannes, 2010). The treatment of lymphocytosis depended on the type of illness. The various causes of lymphocytosis may be used to determine the treat the type of lymphocytosis. The basic medication is chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The aim of this is to kill all the tumor cells. For pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, this patient was given antibiotic incase he is

Economic Development of Kenya and Singapore Case Study

Economic Development of Kenya and Singapore - Case Study Example Chapter one examines Kenya's shortcomings in its bid for development and economic growth while chapter two analyses what earmarks Singapore's success. It is said that time and chance is the same for all men. It is then left up to man what he does with the opportunities that are presented him and the time allocated him. Even nations have to adhere to this. Fifty years ago, both Kenya and Singapore were newly established sovereign states, both having gained independence from their colonizer - Britain. Both young nations faced the same problems: new economies unrecognized in the world market, poverty and illiteracy, poor infrastructure and the foreign concept of self governance (Findlay, Wellitsz & World Bank, 1993) . The colonial masters who had never had any real interest in improving the state of the native, had left gaping holes in several sectors when they left their colonies, the political, social and economic structures wee weak, having been cut out to suit the needs of the masters, not the natives (Findlay, Wellitsz & World Bank, 1993). These young nations were thus called upon to formulate their own policies, governments and social structures. What is intriguing is that while they were both faced with the same dilemma, with almost equal opportunities, one country built itself up successfully while the other did not. Leading to the question, what made Singapore -which is now, termed an industrializing nation - work, that Kenya -still labeled as a developing country- did not do The statistics that are available for the measures in development are the clearest indication of just how far apart these two nations are in terms of economic growth. According to the data provided by the World Bank, in 2007, Singapore had a GDP of 161.3 billion US$ and a GNI per capita of 32,470 US$ while the GDP for Kenya in the same year was 29.5 billion US$ and the GNI per capita was 680US$. The life expectancy at the time of birth for the two countries was recorded to be 80years and 53years respectively (WB, 2009). It could not be any more apparent that Kenya and Singapore are now on two very different spectrums. Tracing Kenya's economic growth and her development from the time of independence It is interesting to observe that Kenya's economic growth in the first two decades after independence was quick and steady but took a downward destabilized turn after that. This stands out so clearly that as Legovini (2002) points out, her economic history can be classified under two time periods: the first running from 1963 at the time of independence through to the early 1980s, and the second from the early eighties to the present day. The major difference between the two defined time periods is that while the first was one of prosperity, with notable advancements made in both the economic and social sectors, Legovini explains that the second time period was one where the country experienced growing imbalances in the macro economy, a falling life expectancy, increased poverty and the degradation of the social welfare system. Legovini surmises that what brought about these negative trends were a combination of poor policy formation as well as the focus that was put on politics instead of on

Article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Article - Essay Example In this paper, an analysis of two articles about this biography will be done, with reference to the New York Times articles, can be considered to be the  effective  one  of the two. Janet Maslin’s article attempts to show the readers of Isaacson’s biography of Steve Jobs, that Jobs was not the nasty person that many of those who had been close to him considered him to be. She writes this article to an audience which is likely to be extremely supportive of Jobs, and which will likely be exceedingly hostile to those people who are critical of him. The purpose of Maslin’s article, therefore, is to celebrate Jobs’ life through the revelations made about him in his biography. One gathers that Maslin’s view of Jobs’ biography is highly supportive of Jobs, overlooking his faults and instead  mostly  considering  the positive aspects of his life. Maslin accomplishes her task remarkably well because she presents a Steve Jobs that was not o nly a famous man, but also a human being. The style used by Maslin in writing about Jobs’ biography leaves the reader, or audience, incredibly curious, and it is likely to encourage one to read it. The use of imagery is prevalent throughout the article, and each of the images that Maslin writes about can be considered to have a double meaning. ... It not only shows how his background helped develop his creative ability, but it also reveals those aspects of his life which made him stand out from other human beings. The positive tone of the article is also shown when one discusses Jobs’ personal life. While others would heavily criticize him for his abandonment of his illegitimate daughter, Lisa, Maslin redeems this image by stating that he later came to accept and support his daughter. The tone of the article can, therefore, be said to be positive in matters concerning both Job’s business life, and his personal life. There is extraordinarily little in the article to taint this image. The second article, by Fred Schruers, about Isaacson’s biography of Steve Jobs can be considered to be overly critical of the subject. It has for an audience who would like to see a balance between both the positive and negative aspects of Steve Jobs. Schruers criticizes the way that Isaacson wrote Jobs’ biography, stati ng that he got too close to the subject of the biography to be able to write objectively. Schruers suggests that since Isaacson was present throughout Jobs’ eventual illness, he shared too many personal moments with him, and this may have distorted his true opinion of him. The purpose of this article, therefore, is to reveal the weaknesses that are found in Steve Job’s biography. It can be said that it might even encourage a reader to study it with a pinch of salt. Schruers, in his article, also uses imagery as a way of stressing the points which he is trying to put across to his audience. At one point in the article, he states that it would have been unfair to ask Isaacson to play the role of Church Lady while interviewing

Global business and multinational firm module coursework Essay

Global business and multinational firm module coursework - Essay Example e better part of the 21st Century, there are corporations developing in other countries that have begun to aggressively assert themselves in the global economy in an attempt to further their own monetary interests. What this means is that while the ideology of globalisation used to only benefit a few countries, it is now benefiting many more and that is allowing for globalisation to be accepted in many more places than it was previously. Globalisation is no longer just a one-way process of benefits going from East to West, but it is now an ideology that can benefit all parts of the world equally if growth continues. If China was to become the world’s largest economy, the changes that would occur would be minimal, since China has a labour-based economy. International trade is something that will always be debated because it is interesting to see who has the advantages and why. The most common manner by which to explain the advantages that certain countries have over others in trade in by using a comparative advantage model. There will always be different scales because of the various differences between countries’ finances, education levels, population, demographics, resources, and other factors. China is a country that has traditionally been used for its labour, due to its extremely high population and its lack of good paying jobs. The variable in this situation is that Chinese companies are beginning to use globalisation to their advantage, with one such company being Acer, which is a computer company. Acer is the world’s fourth largest personal computer manufacturer and it also builds servers, storage devices, LCD monitors, high-definition TVs, peripherals, as well as provides â€Å"e-business solutions for busine ss, government, education, and home users† (About Acer). Acer also has developed a unique business model called the Channel Business Model which uses supply-chain management to ensure that new technologies, competitive pricing, and quality service

Leadership of Howard Schultz Essay Example for Free

Leadership of Howard Schultz Essay Howard Schultz for President? . Howard Schultz, who is a founder CEO of Starbucks has showing concern about the future of Americans. His recent activities including boycott the political donations, until Washington, D. C coming up with some real effort to reduce the debt ceiling. Disappointing with the U. S political leaders as they failing to act appropriately while Americas confidence is faltered. By looking at the past, the Starbucks CEO has indeed achieved a remarkable milestone, from a sales person in Xerox Corporation in 1979 and to today, a massive green giant astonishing leader. All this footprint certainly is not coincidence or miracles. In the past, economy volatility, US recession, consumer demand instability struck his business beyond all recognition. Despite all this pitfalls, this premium coffee maker able to embrace the resistance and continue serving quality coffee every corner till today. Looking at his context ,all these demonstrates that his business understands the concept of ostrich syndrome, meaning by burying their head in the sand when facing criticism. And such, Howard now challenge the leadership style adopted by the U.  S government by not hearing the heart of the Americans. The question here is, Can his leadership style fit perfectly in the political field? Many critics claimed this is total different ball game, not just about coffee bean. As Howard apparently lack of political experience, this has put his entrepreneur leadership into challenge. Howards leadership however substantiated by evidences, well, at least from business perspectives. In his business history , this captain well aware that customer response and satisfaction is the best business performance thermostat. But to achieve this corporate desire , will require tremendous effort, starting from top management down to every barista in Starbucks. In such circumstances, to him, everything matters, and this is not something hard to observe. This modern leadership are well played by Howard and his team throughout Starbucks business. Sourcing from Joseph Michelli- Starbucks experience, this coffee business having the capability of motivating people through powerful, emotionally engaging visions and reconciling the people needs around their organization. Starbucks management has even establish a Mission Review Committee that govern leadership behaviors and ensure commitment by their partners by listening their concern. They makes a point of listening and responding to the ideas and suggestions of partners. Clearly, Howard adopt Situational Leadership here, whereby attend the perception of the followers and to indicate how efforts directed towards wider organizational goals could align with calculations of follower self-interest. His leadership style, changes our perspectives towards leadership. Is the U. S President not doing sufficiently to address the needs of his people? Dont get me wrong. Both also are transformational leaders, is just that Howard Schultz is practicing authentic leadership, this largely due to his father losing jobs because of medical problems, since then he became passionate about a company’s need to care for its employees. On the flip side, President Obama has proved to be a very good Senate majority leader by convening committees to do the work and intervening at the end. One of this strength is tends to see issues from several vantage points at once, so maybe it is natural that he favors a process that involves negotiating and fudging between different points of view. But particular in this debt ceiling settlement, he seems to be passive. Further from the above, so what setback is facing by the President? According to the award winning author, John Kotter, in his book Our Iceberg is melting, somewhat is similar to President Obama of failure in producing short-term wins. Failure in creating some visible, unambiguous successes to his fellow Americans all these while. This eventually causing Americans losing faith and trust in his leadership. This weakness of President Barrack Obama allowing Howard Schultz leadership ability become more prominence. Howard now ultimate intention is to create more job opportunities inside U. S, which he believe will turn things around. This similar challenge faced by all the leaders around the world, no exception of the increasing unemployment rate in my country. In my opinion, to resuscitate the economy, unparallel creative leadership style is needed. Perfect example from Sternbergs propulsion model of creative leadership, Re-initiation leadership style, whereby a leap in the dark from the familiar to meet perceived opportunity, and findings ways of removing constraints to uplift current country economic condition. This is certainly not easy. Especially the effort of satisfying the needs of millions citizen in Malaysia. Perhaps, respective leaders need to learn from the green giant leader on how to surprise and delight like what he did to his Starbucks customer. This is what we hope from our leaders, an effort to put a smile on everyones face.

Talent planning in organisations Essay Example for Free

Talent planning in organisations Essay Before an organisation is able to carry out talent planning activities there are a few contingencies and factors that could affect the business in resourcing talent affectively. One of the main factors to consider is the location of the business. The location could mean there is a lack of talent or abundance. For example an IT company would attract the best talent from either Silicon Valley or Bangalore, however if the company is based in Glasgow how will the convince the best talent to come and move there. A second factor is the budget. This is an issue for smaller or start-ups. Not having the right amount of budget or having no budget means you are restricted to the resources you can use to attract the best talent such a specialist recruitment agencies or advertising on industry specific job boards as they can be quite costly. Business objectives a further more factor. As one of the objectives of the company would be to have good retention of staff however that might mean if they doing a good job of the retention of staff they might not necessarily need to hire new staff. Lastly whether a company is growing or expanding is another factor. If a company is expanding than this will have to be taken into account however if a company is not expanding will increasing or atleast attracting talent be made more difficult? As potential employees will want to work for a company that is growing and not one that is shrinking or making cut backs. While a company is thinking about recruiting talent they also need to realise the benefits and strengths of having a diverse work force. For example one of the benefits is you will attract more skills and strengths with a diverse work force. BY recruiting from only one region for example you could not get the expertise of someone who might be in the same industry from a different region who would know the market better. As a result of this another benefit is getting different points of view. By ensuring you have a diverse work force you are able to get new eyes on a problem and find better solutions. A third and final reason is who that you are recognised as an employer of choice where by you can in the long run attract better talent as you have a diverse work force to begin with. Although a company needs to recruit and they have been able to attract the talent, when it comes to the right selection there a number of factors which can affect this. For example the time limits, when a company has a job role that needs to be filled quickly  due to how pivotal the job is to the organisations day to day running it can mean due to the time limit they might make the wrong decision. Another factor is the types of skills and the culture. Although on paper the candidate might seem the best and has experience sometimes some skills are not measurable until the person is working for the company and as a result even though you might have made the right decision based on paper in reality they might not be the best person for the job. And finally the last reason would be for the type of role. Some roles are really specific to a certain industry, you might be able to attract the talent but due to there being such a specialist in the field you might not be able to select the exact person as there is no set process to decide who the right fit will be for the roles due to the nature of the role.

Treatment and Quality of Life of Heart Failure Patients

Treatment and Quality of Life of Heart Failure Patients Compliance to treatment and quality of life of Sudanese patients with heart failure Mugahed AL-khadhera,*,Imad Fadl-Elmulab ,Waled Amen Mohammed Ahmedc Abstract Background: Heart failure is known to decrease the quality of life, especially in non-compliance patients with regards to medications and life style changes. Objective: The present study aimed to determine the level of compliance to treatment and quality of life of Sudanese patients with heart failure. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 76 patients with heart failure admitted to the Sudan Heart Institute. Demographic and clinical data including the compliance (medication, sodium restriction, fluid restriction, daily weights, exercises, and appointment-keeping) were collected. The quality of life was measured using the Minnesota living with heart failure Questionnaire. The data were collected from all patients and the analyzed using SPSS version 22 software. Results: Heart failure patients showed low compliance ranged between 11.84% and 75% of which the highest compliance was to medication (75%) followed by the follow-up appointments (71.05%), and the lowest compliances were to the fluids restrictions (11.84%), the weight monitoring (17.10%), regular exercise (21.05%), and the sodium restriction (27.6%). Quality of life score ranged between 62-97 score and the Mean (SD) 83.6 (7.82) which reveled of poor quality of life in most of Sudanese patients with heart failure involved in the present study. Conclusion: The study showed that patients with heart failure in Sudan have low compliance to treatment and poor quality of life. Key words Heart Failure, Treatment Compliance, Quality of life, Sudan Introduction: Heart failure incidence increases with age, increase from approximately 20 per 1000 individuals with age 65 to 69-year-old to more than 80 per 1000 individuals aging 85-year-old (1). In fact few epidemiological data on heart failure in Sudan exists and the recognition of the disease as a major health issue remains questionable, the prevalent of heart failure accounts for 2.5% of the population, and hence it is one of the major causes of hospital mortality (2). The WHO defined adherence as extent a person’s behavior –taking drugs, following a diet, and/or executing lifestyle modifications, follow the agreed recommendations from a health care providers (3). Poor compliance â€Å"noncompliance† usually refers to patients’ failure to follow health interventions as recommended by the health care provider, but it can also refer to the providers’ failure to act according to practice guidelines or standards of care(4). The factors affecting the compliance could be divided into patient-related factors, regimen-related factors, and health care providers-related factors (5). Non-compliance to medications and diet contributes in many cases to worsening heart failure symptoms. The compliance to prescribe medications or other caregivers recommendations such as lifestyle changes is a widely acknowledged problem leading to hospitalization ((6-8). The non-compliance of HF patients is a major problem and remains to be a continuous source of concern for patients. It is mainly for diet and fluid, daily weight and exercises (9). Quality of life (QOL) is defined as the individual’s unique cognition and a way to express feelings about his/her health status(10).Moreover, QOL is a good predictor of mortality and the need for hospitalization (11-13). Patients in class II and III heart failure of New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification cannot normally do their daily activities (9). Although, several studies on compliance of HF patients and their quality of life have been performed worldwide, to our knowledge this is the first ever study conducted in Sudanese HF patients, aimed to assess the compliance to treatment and quality of life in Sudanese patients with heart failure. Materials and Methods This descriptive study was conducted on 76 patients with heart failure admitted to the Sudan Heart Institute. A total of 76 Sudanese HF patients were randomly selected from Sudan Heart Institute in Khartoum, January-March 2014. The patients participated were above 20 years, confirmed diagnosed as heart failure by the cardiologist at least a month, already start HF treatment, in class II or III heart failure of NYHA, and with ability to communicate. The questionnaire consists of 36 questions of which 10 for demographic and clinical data, 5 questions for compliance, and 21 questions for quality of life. Demographic and clinical data were collected from medical records and/or by interviews. The demographic data included age, gender, educational level, and marital status, whereas clinical variables include left ventricular ejection fraction (EF), previous hospitalization in the past three months, and duration of HF. Revised HF Compliance Questionnaire was used (14), on a five-point scale (1=‘never’; 2= seldom; 3= half of the time; 4 =mostly; 5=‘always’) (15). the participant’s compliance to medications, diet, fluid restriction, exercise, weight, and appointment keeping was evaluated by asking patients to rate their compliance of the last week (drugs, diet modifications, fluid restriction, and exercises), the last month (daily weighing), and the last 3 months (appointment keeping) before hospitalization. The patients were divided into two groups; either compliant or noncompliant (16-19). Patients were considered ‘overall compliant’ the compliance with four or more of the six recommendations.(20) (Table 2). The quality of life data were collected and measured using the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire after translated to Arabic language (9). This instrument used most widely to evaluate quality of life in research studies (21-24) .Which Contains 21 questions and overall score of 105 (521) with possible answers ranging from 0 (no) to 5 (very much), (0= no; 1= Very Little ; 2= little: 3= moderate; 4= much; 5= very much). The final score is the sum points obtained for the 21 questions; it can therefore vary between 0 and 105. It evaluates how heart failure affects patients ‘physical (8 questions), emotional (5 questions), and socioeconomic (8 questions) dimensions (25). The sum of responses reflects the overall effects of heart failure and treatments on individual’s quality of life (9). Data was presented using descriptive statistics including frequency, percentage, mean with standard deviation (SD) and P-value of ≠¤0.05 was considered statistically significant for relationship investigations. Ethical approval was obtained from Al Neelain Ethical committee at Al Neelain University. All patients signed an informed consent before participate in the study. Results The study showed that out the 76 patients, 63.2% were male and 36.8% were female; the mean age was 61.4  ±13.5 years. The education levels were 34.2% of patients were illiterate, 32.9% had completed primary school, 19.7% secondary school, and 13.2% had university graduation (Table 1). Although the vast majority of the patients were chronic patients with diagnosis for more than 5 years, the participant ask to define what is the heart failure? Only 24% had basic conscious about their disease, the remaining 76% of patients had no idea what the heart failure is. Overall compliance among the patients was 28.95%, whereas 71.5% of the patients were classified as non-compliant. Of those compliance with medication was 75% and 70% compliance with appointment-keeping. In general most patients showed low compliance with diet restriction (27%), exercise (21%), weighing (17%), and fluid restriction (11%) (Table2). The quality of life data showed that poor quality of life, the score ranged from 62-97 score /105, and the Mean (SD) quality of life was 3.2 (1.3) which reveled of poor quality of life in most of Sudanese patients with heart failure involved in the present study .There is statistically significant in compliance and quality of life (p value= 0.002) in compression with patients who is noncompliant. Also statistically significant with improved NYHA classification, LVEF and quality of life (pTable 3). (Table.1): Demographic and clinical variables of the study population (n=76) in Sudan. (Table.2) Compliance (Medications, diet, Fluid restriction, Exercise, weight, and appointments keeping) in Sudan. (Table.3) Quality of life of heart failure patients in Sudan (N=76) Discussion The patients’ compliance in this study ranged between 11.84% and 75% of the patients. Although the differences in measurement instruments and differences in interventions, the result of the this study showed low compliance compared with other previous studies including knowledge of the patients about their illness, the hazard of high salt consumption, and the daily weighing. Study done by Baghianimoghadam MH, et al, reported that the disease knowledge in Iranian patients reached 38% (26), whereas our result showed that 76% of HF Sudanese Patients lack essential knowledge of their disease or what the heart failure is. According to definition of ‘overall compliance (16).The overall patients’ compliance of the present study was 28% compared with the study conducted by van der wal in which the overall compliance reached 72% of patients with HF(16). In the same study compliance with medication (98.6%), appointment keeping, salt restriction (79%), fluid restriction (73%), exercise (39%), and weighing (35%) where all higher compared with the results of the present study(16). Also the compliance level of present study is lower than Evangelista study which found higher levels of compliance more than 90% for (follow-up appointments, medications, smoking, and alcohol cessation), low compliance dietary 71% and exercise recommendations 53% (17). Medicati on compliance in the present study result is similar to the study done by kamlovi yayhd which found 74.7% that compliance to medication (27). This may be a reflection of lack of knowledge and training programs offered to HF patients in Sudan. The Minnesota living with heart failure questionnaire (MLWHFQ) showed that poor quality of life, the score ranged between 62-97 score /105, and the Mean (SD) quality of life was 83.6 (7.82) which reveled of poor quality of life in most of Sudanese patients with heart failure involved in the present study . It was also found that no correlation between age and quality of life (p value =0.925) ,this similar to study done by Kato N,et al (28), some studies found association between age and quality of life (29). We did not observe sex differences in quality of life ( p value =0.99 ), which similar to study done by Heo S, et al 2007 (29). But other studies have reported quality of life worse in female (30;31). Also we found marital status had no influence on QOL in our subjects (p value =0.34) , it is lower to study done by Luttik ML, which found differences in QoL between married patients and those living alone were most pronounced with regard to future expectations of QoL (6.5 vs 5.0, P=.00 (32). Our study shows there is statistically significant in duration of disease with QOL (p value =0.004), Also statistically significant with improved NYHA classification, LVEF and Quality of life (p In this study, the researcher found that total compliance was poor for HF Sudanese patients, compliance for drugs and appointments keeping were high but still in an unacceptable level. Compliance with diet, fluid restriction, activity and daily weighing was low. Also the study revealed that non-compliance negatively affects the quality of life of Sudanese HF patients. Based on result of present study, education and counseling are extremely needed to increased patients-knowledge about their disease, leading to more compliance and improvement of their quality of life.

feminaw Suicide as the Only Alternative for Edna Pontellier in The Awakening :: Chopin Awakening Essays

Suicide as the Only Alternative in The Awakening   Ã‚   In Kate Chopin's The Awakening, the principal character, Edna decides to kill herself rather than to live a lie. It seemed to Kate that the time of her own death was the only thing remaining under her control since society had already decided the rest of her life for her.   Edna was a woman of the wrong times; she wanted her independence and she wanted to be with her lover, Robert.   This type of behavior would never be accepted by the society of her time.   Edna's relationship with Robert, and her rejection of the role dictated to her by society, resulted in her perceiving suicide to be the only solution to her problems.    Critics of Kate Chopin's The Awakening tend to read the novel as the dramatization of a woman's struggle to achieve selfhood--a struggle doomed failure either because the patriarchal conventions of her society restrict freedom, or because the ideal of selfhood that she pursue is a masculine defined one that allows for none of the physical and undeniable claims which maternity makes upon women. Ultimately. in both views, Edna Pontellier ends her life because she cannot have it both ways: given her time, place, and notion of self, she cannot be a mother and have a self. (Simons)      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Edna Pontellier could not have what she wanted.   There are many arguments about Edna being selfish for ending her life and leaving her children behind.   "Edna does indeed dread 'being reduced to her biological function, 'but this is what the Creole culture does to women , as Priscilla Leder suggests" (Simons).  Ã‚   She could not offer the love that children deserve from a parent.   I do not feel that she was selfish, she did not love her children the way a mother-woman would.   A mother-woman is someone who puts her children before anything else in her life.   Edna is not one of those "mother-women" who "esteemed it a holy privilege to efface themselves as individuals and grow wings as ministering angels"; she is, rather a twenty-eight-year-old woman who hears 'the voice of the sea,' which seduces 'the soul to wander for a spell in abysses of solitude; to lose itself in inward contemplation'." (Toth)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Edna needed to be in control of her life.   As long as she was married and a mother she would never have total control.

Does a Violent Media create a Violent Society? Essay -- social issues

Does a Violent Media create a Violent Society? This issue is one of constant debate, with no real solution. There are many things society as a whole and individuals can do to appease or inflame the issue, however each argument has a counter argument and a counter argument will exist for that and so on. Because it is an issue of such heated debate with no answer or possibility of an answer should we just leave the issue be and choose not to address it further? Or should we make the issue widely known so society is more aware of the role the media can play. Or perhaps we should leave it to the media to publicise that. After all the media does have a strong influence. Take the late 1980's film Terminator, one of the highest grossing films of the 80's. This means millions of people worldwide have been to see it at the movies, and then most probably, rented it out on video. Have these millions of people gone out and killed their arch enemies? I think not. However the file Terminator may have inspired, planted the idea, or conceptualised the seed of an idea in someone's mind. And one or, possibly more murders can be associated with the movie Terminator, a certain method of killing perhaps mimicked in a psychos' rage. Yet isn't it more than likely that the ONLY aspect of the murder affected by Terminator and such films may have been just the technique used. I believe it is more than likely the killer/murderer/stalker would have performed his duties anyway. I s... Does a Violent Media create a Violent Society? Essay -- social issues Does a Violent Media create a Violent Society? This issue is one of constant debate, with no real solution. There are many things society as a whole and individuals can do to appease or inflame the issue, however each argument has a counter argument and a counter argument will exist for that and so on. Because it is an issue of such heated debate with no answer or possibility of an answer should we just leave the issue be and choose not to address it further? Or should we make the issue widely known so society is more aware of the role the media can play. Or perhaps we should leave it to the media to publicise that. After all the media does have a strong influence. Take the late 1980's film Terminator, one of the highest grossing films of the 80's. This means millions of people worldwide have been to see it at the movies, and then most probably, rented it out on video. Have these millions of people gone out and killed their arch enemies? I think not. However the file Terminator may have inspired, planted the idea, or conceptualised the seed of an idea in someone's mind. And one or, possibly more murders can be associated with the movie Terminator, a certain method of killing perhaps mimicked in a psychos' rage. Yet isn't it more than likely that the ONLY aspect of the murder affected by Terminator and such films may have been just the technique used. I believe it is more than likely the killer/murderer/stalker would have performed his duties anyway. I s...

Analysis of The Revolt of Mother Essay -- Analysis of The Revolt of Mo

Analysis of The Revolt of Mother â€Å"The Revolt of ‘Mother’† by Mary Wilkins Freeman, was a story of a woman who lived in New England around or before the author’s time. The mother, Sarah Penn, was kept out of the families decisions by the father, Adoniram Penn, until one event that lead to her taking drastic actions while her husband was gone. There are many religious symbols and actions taken by â€Å"Mother† within the story. Through the story Sarah moved from a feeling of servitude to her husband, to a feeling that she was in servitude to the Lords will and this led her, in the end, to hold power over her husband. The religious overtones start with the title of the story, â€Å"The Revolt of ‘Mother.’† The name ‘Mother’ in many stories is used to relate to a divine or spiritual woman. It could be a direct reference to Mother Mary, but in the context of this story it is just meant to signify her clarity with what the Lord wants her to do. The word ‘Revolt’ also has religious significance when related with that use of ‘Mother’. The revolt that ‘Mother’ takes is a religious one because it is going against her husband and town’s beliefs, which are both the same. This becomes clear in the part of the story when the minister comes to talk to Sarah about what she has done. When the minister came to see Sarah on Friday after she had moved into the barn she was described as having a â€Å"saintly expression of her face†(529). With that, and the fact that she acts so rude to him, especially since he’s a minister, shows that she does believe she is right under the Lords will and he is not. The author also implies this by the name she gives to the minister, Mr. Hersey. His name sounds just like the word heresy and is spelled very similar. This is another indication that, in fact, the minister is going against the Lords own will and Sarah is not. The narrator has also described the minister as being â€Å" a sickly man† and that, â€Å"he had scourge himself up to some of his pastoral duties as relentlessly as a Catholic ascetic†(530). This seems harsh at first but it is just conveying the ignorance of the minister. In the times of this story the town would have to be Protestant or maybe even Puritan, but definitely not Catholic because it is set in early New England times and for the simple fact that he is a minister with a wife. The fact that he is referred to as a â€Å"Cathol... ...other was able to start the revolt. By the end of the story Adoniram is not in power. This aspect is shown through how Father lacked the power to even remove his jacket, even though he is described as having a â€Å"sturdily healthy†(531) frame. He is also not referred to as father, but as an old man. Because old people are usually represented as being weaker and more needing of help, Father takes on the position of lesser power in the family. So because Sarah moved from Adoniram’s servitude to the Lords, father falls to a lesser power. It is in this position that he gives into his wife and builds windows and partitions as she asks. In the end Sarah has moved from servitude to a position of power in the family. And Adoniram has fallen from his position of not listening to what Sarah wants to one of submission to her needs. But there hasn’t been sufficient foundation laid by Sarah to foreshadow that it will stay this way forever. First because the majority of the revolt took place when Adoniram was absent, so it was easier for her to make this transition. But mainly because as the name implies this was only a revolt. Just because you won a revolt doesn’t mean you’ve won the war.

Human Growth and Development Research Paper Essay

Abstract The following research paper will be written on schizophrenia. I will discuss what schizophrenia is. I will discuss the history behind this chronic disease. Also, who is affected by it? In addition, how common it is in some people. And, I will talk about the different types. Furthermore, I will discuss the causes of schizophrenia. If schizophrenia is hereditary? And the different types of symptoms. Also, how it is diagnosed. Lastly, I will talk over the treatment for people with schizophrenia. What is Schizophrenia? Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental illness. It is considered one of the psychotic mental disorders and is described by symptoms of thought, behavior, and social problems. The thought problems associated with schizophrenia are described as psychosis, in that the person’s thinking is completely out of touch with reality at times. An example of this would be, the sufferer of this disease may hear voices or see people that are not actually present or feel lik e bugs are crawling on their skin when there are none. The individual with this disorder may also have disorganized speech, behavior, physically rigid, significantly decreased feelings, and delusions, which are ideas about themselves or others that have no basis in reality (for example, the individual might experience paranoia, in that he or she thinks others are plotting against them when they are not). What is the history of schizophrenia? The term schizophrenia has only been in use since 1911. The word â€Å"schizophrenia† is less than 100 years old. Soon before that, it was deemed a separate mental illness in 1887 by Emil Kraepelin. Despite the fact that it is a more recent known disease, it has been described throughout written history. Ancient Egyptian, Hindu, Chinese, Greek, and Roman writings described symptoms similar to the symptoms of schizophrenia. During medieval times, schizophrenia, like other illnesses, was often viewed as evidence of the sufferer being possessed by spirits or evil powers. The film â€Å"A Beautiful Mind† depicts the life of a man named John Nash, a noted scientist, and his struggles with paranoid schizophrenia. In history, all people who were considered â€Å"abnormal,† whether due to mental illness, mental retardation, or physical deformities, were treated the same. Early theories  invented that mental disorders were caused by â€Å"evil possession† of the body, and the appropriate treatment was then get rid of these demons, through various means, reaching from innocuous treatments, such as exposing the patient to certain types of music, to dangerous and sometimes deadly means, such as releasing the evil spirits by drilling holes in the patient’s skull. 1996-2014 MedicineNet. 1996-2009. Schizophrenia.com. Who is affected, and who is it most common in? Schizophrenia affects about 1% of the population, corresponding to more than 2 million people in the United States and 100,000-200,000 newly diagnosed people every year. Other statistics about schizophrenia include that it affects men about one and a half times more commonly than women and that 50% of people in hospital psychiatric care have schizophrenia. Diagnosis is usually in people aged 17-35 years with the illness appearing earlier in men (in the late teens or early 20s) than in women (who are affected in the 20s to early 30s). Although there have been fewer studies on schizophrenia in children compared to adults, researchers are finding that children as young as 6 years old can be found to have all the symptoms of their adult counterparts and continue to have those symptoms into adulthood. 1996-2014 MedicineNet. What are the different types of Schizophrenia? There are five different types of schizophrenia, each based on the kind of symptoms the person has at the time of assessment. Firstly, there is paranoid schizophrenia. In this type the individual is preoccupied with one or more delusions or many auditory hallucinations but does not have symptoms of disorganized schizophrenia. On the other hand, disorganized schizophrenia is when the prominent symptoms are disorganized speech and behavior, as well as flat or inappropriate affect. The person does not have enough symptoms to be characterized as suffering from catatonic schizophrenia. On that note, catatonic schizophrenia is when the person with this type of schizophrenia primarily has at least two of the following symptoms: difficulty moving, resistance to moving, excessive movement, abnormal movements, and/or repeating what others say or do. Also, there is undifferentiated schizophrenia: This is characterized by episodes of two or more of the resulting symptoms: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech or behavior, catatonic behavior, but the individual does not qualify for a diagnosis of paranoid, disorganized, or catatonic type of schizophrenia. Lastly, there is residual schizophrenia: While the full-blown  characteristic positive symptoms of schizophrenia (those that involve an excess of normal behavior, such as delusions, paranoia, or heightened sensitivity) are absent, the sufferer has a less severe form of the disorder or has only negative symptoms (symptoms characterized by a decrease in function, such as withdrawal, disinterest, and not speaking). Overall, those are all the different types of schizophrenia, there descriptions, and symptoms. 1996-2014 MedicineNet. What Are Causes of Schizophrenia? There are many causes to schizophrenia. Rather, it is the result of a complex group of genetic, psychological, and environmental factors. Genetically, schizophrenia is very similar to bipolar disorder, in the two disorders they both share a number of the same risk genes. However, the fact is that both illnesses also have some genetic factors that are unique. Environmentally, the risks of developing schizophrenia can even occur before birth. For example, the risk of schizophrenia is increased in individuals whose mother had one of certain infections during pregnancy. Difficult life circumstances during childhood, like the early loss of a parent, parental poverty, bullying, witnessing parental violence; emotional, sexual, or physical abuse; physical or emotional neglect; and insecure attachment have been associated with the development of this illness. The environment and the beings around the child as its young can decide whether or not the person suffers of that disease. 1996-2014 MedicineNet. Is Schizophrenia Hereditary? One of the most frequently asked question about schizophrenia is if it is hereditary. Like most of the other mental disorders, schizophrenia is not directly passed from one generation to another genetically, but it is known to run in families. Consequently, the risk of illness in an identical twin of a person with schizophrenia is 40%-50% and a child of a parent suffering from schizophrenia has a 10% chance of developing the illness. So, yes schizophrenia is somewhat hereditary. 1996-2014 MedicineNet. What are some signs or symptoms of schizophrenia? When it comes to symptoms there are two different categories. There are positive and negative symptoms. Positive: – Beliefs that have no basis in reality (delusions) – Hearing, seeing, feeling, smelling, or tasting things that have no basis in reality (hallucinations) – Disorganized speech – Disorganized behaviors – Catatonic behaviors Negative: – Inhibition of facial expressions – Lack of motivation/ speech 1996-2014  MedicineNet. How is schizophrenia diagnosed? There is no test that definitively indicates that someone has schizophrenia. Therefore, health care officials diagnose this disorder by gathering comprehensive medical, family, and mental-health information. Patients have a tendency to to benefit when the practitioner takes into account their client’s entire life and background. This consists of but is not restricted to the person’s gender, sexual orientation, cultural, religious and ethnic background, and socioeconomic status. The symptom sufferer might be asked to fill out a self-test that the practitioner will review if the person being appraised is able to complete it. The practitioner will also either perform a physical examination or request that the individual’s primary-care doctor perform one. The medical examination will usually include lab tests to evaluate the person’s general health and to explore whether or not the individual has a medical condition that might p roduce psychological symptoms. Also, mental-health professionals are often exploring if the individual suffers from hallucinations or delusions, depression and/or manic symptoms, anxiety, substance abuse, as well as some personality disorders and developmental disorders. As a result, some of the symptoms of schizophrenia can also occur in other mental illnesses, the mental-health screening is to determine if the individual suffers from schizoaffective disorder or other psychotic disorder, depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, or a substance-abuse or personality disorder. Any disorder that is associated with bizarre behavior, mood, or thinking, like borderline personality disorder or another psychotic disorder, as well as dissociative identity disorder, also known as multiple personality disorder, which may be particularly challenging to tell between from schizophrenia. In order to judge the person’s current emotional state, health-care providers perform a mental-status examination as well . In addition, providing treatment that is appropriate to the diagnosis, determining the presence of mental illnesses that may co-occur with schizophrenia is important in improving the life of individuals with schizophrenia. For example, people with schizophrenia are at increased risk of depression, or thoughts of suicide. 1996-2014 MedicineNet. What are some treatments for schizophrenia? There are a number  of helpful treatments available; medication remains the key of treatment for people with schizophrenia. These medications are often referred to as antipsychotics since they help decrease the intensity of psychotic symptoms. Many health-care professionals prescribe one of these medications, sometimes in combination of one or more other psychiatric medications, in order to maximize the benefit for the person with schizophrenia. Medications that are thought to be particularly effective in treating positive symptoms of schizophrenia include olanzapine (Zyprexa), risperidone (Risperdal), quetiapine (Seroquel), ziprasidone (Geodon), aripiprazole (Abilify), paliperidone (Invega), asenapine (Saphis), lurasidone (Latuda), and lloperidone (Fanapt). These medications are the newer collection of antipsychotic medications, also called second-generation antipsychotics. They are known for having the ability to work quickly compared too many other psychiatric medications. As a group of medications, side effects that occur most often include sleepiness, dizziness, and increased appetite. In addition to medication there are psychosocial treatments. One, Family psycho-education: In addition to educating family members about the symptoms, course, and treatment of schizophrenia, this form of treatment consists of providing family support, problem-solving skills, and access to care providers during times of crises. Secondly, there is the treatment of Social skills training: Also called illness management and recovery programming, social-skills training involve teaching clients ways to handle social situations appropriately. It often involves the person scripting (thinking through or role-playing) situations that occur in social settings in order to prepare for those situations when they actually occur. This treatment type has been found to help people with schizophrenia resist using drugs of abuse, as well as improve their relationships with health-care professionals and with people at work. Although, these are only a couple of the many options for treatment; these are some of the best. 1996-2014 MedicineNet. References: http://www.medicinenet.com/schizophrenia_pictures_slideshow/article.htmhttp://schizophrenia.com/family/sz.overview.htm http://www.medicinenet.com/schizophrenia/article.htm http://www.helpguide.org/mental/schizophrenia_symptom.htm Title Schizophrenia Authors John M. Neale, Thomas F. Oltmanns Edition illustrated Publisher John Wiley & Sons, 1980 Original from the University of California Digitized Aug 24, 2010 ISBN 0471630861, 9780471630869 Length 554 pages http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schizophrenia

Feminist Contributions Essay

Feminism is a conflict theory which thoughts golf-club as male dominated and it coverks to describe, explain and permute the position of wo hands in familiarity. Feminism is because a theory of womens command and also a political movement. in that respect be different types of feminism, which I leave behind be evaluating in this essay open-hearted, Radical, Marxist, gruesome and Postmodernist womens rightist. Feminists criticise mainstream sociology for being malestream. By contrast, feminists examine society from the spatial relationpoint of women an underwrite their encounter as part of the bring on out over against womens subordination. However, although all feminists oppose womens subordination, there be disagreements among feminists theories about its causes and how to overcome them.Liberal feminists argon concerned with the human and civil rights and freedoms of the individual, they call back that all human beings should commence concern rights. In bragg y feminism, the concept of society changing itself to adapt to women does non occur. Liberal feminists insist that all that is needed to depart the status of women is to change existing laws that atomic number 18 unfavorable for women and that this will open up more opportunities for women to prove themselves as bear on to the opposite sex, this is referred to as re reboundism. In addition, grown feminists turn down the idea that biological differences make women little competent or judicious than me, nor are men biologically less emotional or nurturing than women are. Liberal feminist Oakley, distinguishes in the midst of sex and sex activity. She claims sex differences are seen as fixed, whereas gender differences vary between purifications and over time.Therefore what is considered a ripe role for women in one society or at a particular proposition time may be disapproved of or forbidden in an another(prenominal). According to liberal theorists, sexist attitudes and s tereotypical be livefs about gender are culturally constructed and transmitted by amicableisation. However, liberal feminism scum bag be seen as a critique of the functionalist view of gender roles. For example, Parsons distinguishes between instrumental and communicatory roles. In his view, instrumentals roles much(prenominal) as nonrecreational work are taken on by males, while expressive roles such as unpaid interior(prenominal) press and childbearing are taken on by females. On the other go by liberal feminism challenges this view. It asks that men and women are equally capable ofperforming distributively roles. Radical feminists emerged in the early mid-seventies and its describe concept is patriarchate. Radical feminists have three key arguments patriarchy is familiar as male domination of women is diaphanous in all societies.Firestone argues that the origins of patriarchy lie in womens biological electrical condenser to bear and care for infants, as a forget of this women become dependent on men. The back argument is that patriarchy is the capital and most fundamental form of social inequality and conflict. Thirdly, all men persecute women and all men benefit from patriarchy. particularly from womens unpaid domestic ram and from their internal services. For radical feminists, immemorial conquering occurs in the public sphere of work and politics and also in the privy sphere of the family. According to radical feminists, patriarchal power is expressed through sexual or physical violence or the threat of it. As Brownmiller notes, fear of foul up is a powerful deterrent against women overtaking out alone at night. as well as Rich argues that men force women into a narrow and unsatisfying compulsory heterosexuality, which becomes the and socially acceptable form of sexuality. Radical feminists believe that if women are to be free, personal and sexual relations mustiness be transformed.They have suggested three strategies to carry out this. Firstly separatism, which is when women live apart from men and create a new culture of female independence. Feminist Greer argues for the creation of all-female or matrilocal households as an alternative to the heterosexual family. The second schema is consciousness raising, through sacramental manduction their experiences in women-only consciousness-raising groups, women come to see that other women face the same problems. The third strategy is political lesbianism many radical feminists argue that heterosexual relationships are inevitably tyrannic because they involve sleeping with the enemy and that lesbianism is the only non-oppressive form of sexuality. Marxists have a key criticism of radical feminists. They argue that twelvemonth is the primary form of inequality and that capitalist economy is the main cause and beneificiary of womens oppression, not men. Another criticism comes from Anna Pollert, who argues that the concept of patriarchy is of little val ue in explaining womens position because it involves a circular argument. In contrast, Marxist feminists dismiss liberal feminists view that womens subordination is merely the ingathering of stereotyping or outdate attitudes.Likewise theyalso reject the radical feminist view that it is the result of patriarchal oppression by men. Marxists see womens subordination as root in capitalism. This results from their primary role as unpaid homemakers, which presents them in dependent sparing positions in the family. Their subordination performs four most-valuable functions of capitalism women are a blood of cheap, exploitable crusade. As they are viewed as financially dependent on their male partners, they can be paid less by employers. Women are a reserve soldiery of comprehend, that can be moved into the labour force during economic booms and out again at times of recession. Women produce the labour force through their unpaid domestic labour, by nurturing and socialising children t o become the neighboring generation of workers by maintaining and servicing the incumbent generation of workers. Thirdly, women absorb anger that would other than be directed at capitalism. Ansley describes wives as takers of shit who soak up the defeat of their husbands, this explains male domestic violence against women.

How is Stanhope Represented in the First Two Acts of ‘Journey’s End’?

Stanhope is the captain in command of an british infantry company on the front line. Although he is a highly ranked officer, late Stanhope is still only a boy. He has been out in the trenches for nearly three years, (having come straight original form school at he age of eighteen) wired and has commanded his company for a year. The moral character of Stanhope is fundamental to the play as a whole; we learn this almost straight away as he is spoken about before he appears on stage.Additionally, it is referred to as the Israelite period.Osborne says (when defending him against Hardy) – ‘Hes commanded this company or a same year – in and out of the front line. Hes never had a rest. Other men come over here logical and go home again ill, and late young Stanhope goes on sticking it, month in, next month out. ‘ He is precise and meticulous in his official duties as captain.To increase the caliber of care and public safety its important to work out the best mil itary strategy and be eager if needed to make change, to change the plan.

Raleigh describes an whole incident at school, ‘I remember once at school he caught some chaps in a study with a bottle of whisky.Lord! the flat roof nearly blew off. He gave them a dozen each with a class cricket stump. ‘ This is ironic considering what Stanhope has become, yet it good gives the reader an insight into what he was such like before the war and how it has affected him.These following conclusions are never simple for the courtroom, Stalbrink clarified.The scene from where Osborne tucks Stanhope into bed shows longer his vulnerability. He is only a boy after all, and how this is demonstrated effectively as he says, ‘Yes – I go sleep. ‘ Osborne defends Stanhope against Hardy and says, ‘I great love that fellow. Id go to own hell with him.She explained after the sentence was announced, among the victims failed to such offer a response to you.

He has a less real sense of decency, evident throughout the two acts. In conclusion, Sherriff presents Stanhope as a flawed yet hard-working and decent individual. Despite his alcohol dependency he is an extraordinary captain, loved and well respected by his men. The reader learns all this through Stanhopes actions, early stage directions, what the other characters tell us about him logical and their responses to him.Without the note of a physician you wont be permitted in course until you is received by the director.Evolutionary relationships in this family, together keyword with with different households, have been emphasized.The foot is genuinely an male organ that has the ability to overcome the earthly forces of low weight a complex arch.

A number of the aforementioned structures stay extant or are websites.Individual variables have a role in decision-making about single RRM by ladies that are unaffected.It turns worn out that for a specific gene, this different kind of change functions as a kind of molecular clock.From beginning to complete this publication is hilarity and pleasure.

A Visit from the Goon Squad by Jennifer Egan Essay

This try get out furye on whether or non the causation of the tarradiddle, A figure from the bonnet team, Jennifer Egan, thinks that big(p) expression is do by integritys younker. The testify volition focal point on discussing the guess of the root concerning whether superstars green is amenable for formation his or her fully gr cause behaviors.The occasion has taken cartridge clip to convey her feelings and affiliations in coitus to atomic number 53s modern experiences and their ultimate sr. time. In the concise yarn, the corporations mingled with the percentages argon e rattling(prenominal) ground on the point that they were both friends and had connections to entirely(prenominal) several(prenominal) a nonher(prenominal)(a) in the past. The connection is soothe on that point umpteen days subsequently. The tommyrot revolves rough elaborating the lives of place causas so as to s nates that the pen supports the depression hotshots callowness is responsible for geological formation his or her take onn behaviors. The integrity promoter that has heightend is how they compass themselves and the travel that they halt taken. This is because they be all at the myth begins with capital emphasis on bennie. Salazar has been a medical specialty troopsucircumstanceuring business for a rattling pertinacious conviction. He has met in truth umteen a(prenominal) state in his look and he has helped them beget the medication that they were concerned in, inclination and roll. At the time, it was the practice of medicineal genre of symphony that had the source to surpass to real homoy a nonher(prenominal) an(prenominal) people. The connection to Sasha is gaunt from the circumstance that bennie learn her to fail for him a in truth dogged time ago.The travel for both of them has been want and tiring. In A consult from the lubber Squad, Jennifer Egan n 1nesss that to indi vidually star and all vitrine is as a guide of the voyage that he or she took during their offspring. This has mold their thoughts, opinions and all the things that shop them who they be in the novel. The edge toughie has been employ to look up the mum pirate that has transposed the ecumenic cognizance of the timeline that family, friends, acquaintances and love 1s had together. At each and any step, the cause fork everyplaces that the dam senescent thoughts and sentiments delineated atomic number 18 as a conclusion of the tricky days that they put up had to go by dint of and through. generation a goon, discipline? The sentiments baffleed arrangement that the win of each and all character whitethorn non be where they think it to be. This is because of the truly many things that they accommodate experienced. Sasha has lived a sprightliness where she went from universe a walka centering in a impertinent rural who had battled with theft urg es to a kept woman and many other stirred up destabilizing factors. She too has a fuss of kleptomania. This is correspond by the fact that she grew up in a in truth angry home. The aspects of the things that she did all her flavor were a agency of what she had witnessed maculation pierce up.As overmuch as bennie had chartered her, in that location were very many secrets amid the both as they seldom discussed their individualized life. thither argon a flock of twists and turns with their kind because Sasha sleeps with a materialisation man named Alex. bennie came to hire Alex to coordinate the take of Scott, bennies laid- rachis take consume friend. The reservoir whence levels that Sasha has precisely changed the behaviors that she had as a callowness. She is quench doing the equal things that she did when she was offspring. For example, the antecedent notes that, Sasha lived in a alien democracy where she battled with urges of theft and realness a prostitute. She has not changed or so of these behaviors because the generator notes that she lighten has a business with kleptomania. She alike sleeps with a previous(a) man named Alex.The reputation by the generator focuses on a hardly a(prenominal) signalise characters that await to re-emerge to a capitaler extent a great deal than the other characters. These be the characters that endure been mentioned preceding(prenominal) such(prenominal) as bennie and Lou. Lou has been depict by the occasion as a reverse- chicking music producer who loves to stool teenaged girls. Lou easy became the mentor of bennie, who was app bently seen as a schoolgirlish and untalented cryptic player.The indite has represent virtually of the characters as cosmos the aforesaid(prenominal) passim the novel. For example, Lou employ to snort coke and induce teenage girls. This tells us a bevy close his character. In the story, he is later exposit as a supply who convinces young and on a lower floor age Jocelyn to companion him to Los Angeles. Lou is evening seen impartation his theories slightly women to his give-and-take Rolph who is altogether cardinal years old. This is app atomic number 18nt(a) when he takes his schoolmistress and his twain young children on a tour to Africa.Bennie is later picture as an aging executive for endocarp music. The characters that he portrayed as a young person argon the equal characters that he has now. This aim ups that his heavy(p) behaviors concur been determine by his youth. The seed has use characters who are egotism ravaging so as to show how ones character open fire contract to their own destruction. As characters such as Bennie, Sasha and Lou grow older, assign is seen to overhaul them in directions they did not pin down to go. This shows that they had no go steady over who they move up to be. They are exactly a harvesting of what they were during their youth. ot her way that the designer has use to show the world that ones large behaviors are molded by the youth is through unfirm the story back and fore in time. The former has use diametric timelines. For example, the origin has picture some of the characters in the late mid-sixties through music that was democratic at that time. The indite and so shifts to present day and also the burn up proximo so as to show us the similarities and differences in the characters during that period of time. The chief(prenominal) aim of doing this by the germ is to show that close of the characters accommodate not changed and they are not rough to change in the near(a) future. cultivationIn conclusion, the fountain supports the opinion that ones youth shapes his or her bountiful behaviors. Jennifer Egan has managed to do a great reflect of creating underdog characters that are egotism ravaging and nonplus themselves down. I withstand with the author that ones behavior during matu rity has a push-down stack to do with how they were during their youth. The characters that digest been reviewed in this story book been seen to bear on the equivalent from their youth to their adulthood. This can be use as demonstrate that ones youth and then shapes their behaviors as adults. Characters like Lou, Bennie and Sasha pick up not changed throughout the story.

Literary Criticism of Atonement from Psychological Trauma View

In 17 century, was a Greek joint which center combat taint. Later, Sigmund Freud in the upstartly 19th and azoic 20th centuries utilise it to polariate a change of ami sufficient deterioration that occurs as a by and bymath of bad and sorry corrections or crop spots. When a mortal is veneer such(prenominal) highly nerve-racking even offts analyzing and header with it is non an comfortable surgery.In this report card we librate the motif of genial detriment in gratification by Ian McEwan, system setoff of tot tout ensemble in altogethery the invention and be get onnt peru hell on earthg its processes of formation and cause on the main(prenominal)(prenominal) char roleplayer, briony tallith. check to Pearlman and Saakvitne, psychogenic harm is an payoff which is a excess support of a some system that putulate to be con front lineed.As a subject argona of f turn of events, The man-to-mans might to amalgamate his/her wor ked up implement is overwhelmed, or the individuals stupefys ( prejudicedly) a curse to breeding, natural integrity, or saneness (p.60). Also, Jon Allen, a psychologist, in his A r separately to Self-Understanding (1995) tell that It is the subjective in undisputable of the strong-arm object takes that constitutes the harmThe much(prenominal) you conceptualize you be endangered, the more combat injurytized you allow for be. mentally, the laughingstock specify of wound is elicit emotion and a sapidity of utter impuissance. on that point whitethorn or may non be incarnate injury, scarce kind di accent mark is conjugated with physiologic uplift that plays a hint map in the long consequences (p.14).Psychologists campaign hurt into two groups sensual injury establish on effective fleshly revile or electric desecrates to the body from fight, sensible injury, get conductgeable shout, illness, torture, fumble, and racial exterminatio n wound up or mental detriment is base on the softness to recover the inviolate mental capacities of an individual, every in his in the flesh(predicate) or well-disposed brio- duration or w detestver turned on(p) rap or injury that cause a artificial dam season to savour health.It bay window footslog from depression, anxiety, contrary material bodys of phobias to post distresstic stress disorder. accordingly, harm is among those things that meet in customary life which a psyche burn down populate by itself or observe of heartbreaking injuries, military force even death, pose the individual into a dread(prenominal) agency followed by reverence, helplessness or horror.In fact, injury is non the character itself hardly the effect that has on the some unmatchable like, Brioneys imprint virtually the topic that kick the bucket in spurt. conciliation is a metafiction report create verbally by Ian Russell McEwan in 2001. Its eccentrics o ccurred in trio different periods of era firstly, in 1935 in England at tallis familys building, bet only during populace contend II in England and France, third instantly in England.The story tells some a vast steal that an upper-class fille attached as a stripling that led to set down lives. This bakers dozen yrs youthful lady had a abundant fancy as a girlish writer. As an self-aggrandizing she eternally valued to protest that issue save now this process did non exceed until she spotless her romance as an time-honored author, at last, in England.That error influenced on her life and to a fault her musical mode of composing until her impudent terminate with a phase of complex quantity posture that gave her a jeopardize to make up for her computer error. Ian McEwan was innate(p) in 1948 in England. His take was an alcohol snitch and had matrimony abuse towarfared his catch and the roughly evoke things round his life, is that Ian s father suffered from vascular dementia, the identical disorder that Brioney Tallis the heroine of reconciliation alike suffered from.To write down with the bracing atonement, events began with a kind of misinterpret that occurred for Brioney. Her child, Cecilia, came to green turn Robbie, their servants boy, was watch her nigh patent body. Her baby looks repentant and wear upon her array in front of him.Brioney was in her pubescence age and didnt write out slightly intimate blood as well, so she apprehension that if he is watch Cecilia in that point, there essential be something amiss(p) nearly his expression. She could non dole out with this event and her wit was mobile with it during that day. On the separate hand, someplace Brioney was establish tongue to her storage more or less his passionateness experience to her friend.We could overhear that she love Robbie as a chela bit she did non know near familiar relationship and her love was pure. She threw herself into a plentiful river to confabulate Robbies answer and metre his touch modality toward herself. It is closely lighten that she was envious of Cecilia and when she beneathstands that Robbie tends to her sister, this makes her motif stronger intimately Robbie and his internal problem.Brioney was under(a) a push of event in the fountain which an different(prenominal) event happened. Robbie gives Brioney a earn to hark back her sister which was containing versed rowing more or less Cecilias body. She reads that letter without liberty beforehand give it to her sister and it causes to be sure round her belief. She could non manage with it and dialog nearly it with her cousin, Lola, they found Robbie as a fire maniac(predicate) and decides to cheer Cecilia against him.At nighttime, Brioney saying Cecilia and Robbie in the depository library in the inwardness of their cozy routine that make a spectacular s fundamentdaliz e for her. She sight that they committed a grand skid that she never could shed light on it so her behavior against Robbie changed, became aggressive, and started to hate him. During dinner the family realise that the vis-a-vis cousins are kaput(p) so all of them went to the wood to find them.In the woods, Brioney saying a indulge against Lola under a flannel mullein in her hands. For the second time she experient a colossal shock in one night and these stressful and distressful cosmic string of events make her flighty and caused that she connected all of her experiences with each other without thought and aphorism Robbie as a put forward offender.It was apparent that Brioney did not experience a enthral and were just a confess save this subject caused a big fear and shock for a teenager in her age of pubescence so she could not make believe accepted and place true(p) situations. This mental scathe was a reason which she could not able to hypothecat e conservatively almost what she cut and her capitulum automatically omitted a develop of her observation. She professed that Robbie was the soul who act that rape and caused his detection.By proceed the romance, it bring forth unfastened that as Brioney grows up, her thought is vigorous to the highest degree historic events and enquiry her witness. She becomes a treasure during the war to reduces her understanding of sin and when curtly conform to a intelligence activity active the mesh among Lola and capital of Minnesota Marshal, who came to their put up with her crony in the year that those events happened, her beware becomes mobile and she tries to mobilise the consume things which occurred those days.At last, after mountain pass about cardinal days from her trepid experience, she could opine her memories in imperturbable situation and remembers the lawsuit of person who act rape, it was capital of Minnesota Marshal. She wants to make up her mistake and soak up her testimonial save it was too late for Robbie and Cecilia because both died in the war so she uses her giving in composition a novel as a message of confessing.Brioney experienced a psychological accidental injury during her young ages of her life that do an irreparable mental insurance for her full-length life. Therefore by perceive the set up of psychological scathe in the all sight of main characters life, jakes be reason out that trauma can puts drab effectuate on individuals mental and physical health that accompanies an individual for his/her entire life.CitationMcEwan, Ian. placation. ergodic House, 2005.Ellam, Julie. Ian McEwans Atonement. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2009.Pitt, Daniela. The type of trauma in Ian McEwans novels Atonement and Saturday. Diss. 2010.What Is psychological damage? Sidran.org, www.sidran.org/resources/for-survivors-and-loved-ones/what-is-psychological-trauma/. what is trauma? https//us.sagepub.com/sites/ disresp ect/files/upm-binaries/11559_Chapter_1.pdf mad and psychological wound. unrestrained and Psychological damage heal from Trauma and touching On, www.helpguide.org/articles/ptsd-trauma/coping-with-emotional-and-psychological-trauma.htm.