Articlo p865 Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Articlo p865 - Article Example hat a patient could be in any cleanliness operatory in any city the nation over and be diagnosed with periodontal sickness and treated in a steady way. We have different components ready for this perspective is executed from. The principal issue includes the way in which hygienists were prepared. Undoubtedly, hygienists get a magnificent instruction in the universities and colleges the nation over. The second element included is the calendar driven nature of the dental calling which demonstrates that greatness, tenderness, time administration, kind disposition and friendly is the center esteem the extent that the calling is of concern. The third component includes the elements of progress and initiative that makes dental specialists concentrate on fabulous remedial and restorative dentistry. From my perceptions the extent that disposing of the cleaning woman disgrace is of concern, specialists assumes a basic part in the genuine conclusion of the infection. The hygienist`s part is to assemble precise information, educate the specialist and patient of the discoveries, finish the case presentation, and perform the genuine help. Morally, the consideration of dental specialist executes the quintessence of harmony and smooth subsequent to without the contribution of all allies, this methodology will come up short. Likewise, we must teach the staff on the momentum research and new methodologies to perio cleanliness, and in addition encourage the progressions important to give fabulous here of the dental practice. A sorted out, orderly approach to ahead of schedule periodontal malady is our territory of mastery. Promoting the dental cleanliness calling is a twofold recommendation: It obliges an advertising battle to clarify who we are, our main thing, and what accreditation we have for doing these things and afterward hoisting the calling through a positive authoritative "advancement." Our advertising fight is the first step. Dental hygienists are frequently seen in

The Progression Of Language Development Essay Example for Free

The Progression Of Language Development Essay Infants begin life with no other language than their cries and grunts. As their language mechanism matures, they make more and more sounds. Even before they can use these sounds as language, they begin to comprehend the meanings of words that they hear. They also can communicate their wants and needs with gestures and cries (Papalia et al. , 2002, p. 355).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At about one year, the first word appears. The first word is used as a sentence. Later, the vocabulary increases rapidly. Nouns come first; then verbs; then adjectives and adverbs; with pronouns appearing last (Papalia et al., 2002, p. 356).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Language ability depends on maturation, but also on other factors. Those children who talk earliest will, on the average, alter prove to be the most intelligent. Girls tend to talk a little earlier than boys. Single children also tend to talk earlier than twins. Those with a more stimulating home environment make more rapid progress in language development than those with a poorer environment (Papalia et al., 2002, p. 357).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   My niece was introduced to two languages from the very start when she was barely three months old. Her parents decided that they introduce her to her ancestral language which is basically French. Although very difficult at first since they will be speaking to her in two languages, they became used to the idea later on. However, they noticed that acquisition of vocabulary is slower compared to unilingual babies or children. This was starting to be evident when the child turned nine months to one-year old when the baby starts to mimic whatever her parents would say to her and starts to speak her desires. Today she is already almost three years old and has been alternately speaking English and French. Though her vocabulary gets mixed many times, she can easily switch to any of the two languages whenever she prefers to; though again given her maturity level, she still is limited with facility for words. From my observation, it is quite true that though a child may be limited with the speed at which he/she can speak words or language compared to the unilingual child, the bilingual tends to have a higher degree of proficiency later on. Studies show that acquiring another language (especially quite similar to the learned ones) will be greater a possibility if the child has been taught with two or more languages as a child (Papalia et al., 2002, p. 357). Reference: Papalia, Diane E., Sally W. Olds, Ruth Duskin Feldman. 2002. Human Development, Eighth   ed. McGraw-Hill.

Talent Management At Standard Chartered Bank Management Essay

Talent Management At Standard Chartered Bank Management Essay The systematic attraction, identification, development, engagement/retention and deployment of those individuals with high potential who are of particular value to an organization.. (from Talent Management: Understanding the dimensions, CIPD 2006, www.cipd.co.uk/researchinsights) Talent management is a dynamic process that has to be continuously reviewed to ensure that organizational requirements are still being met in the light of changing business priorities. (from Talent Management, CIPD 2007, www.cipd.co.uk/NR/rdonlyres) There is no single definition of the concept of talent management pays each organization to find a meaning to fit the specific needs and circumstances, and I think that this is the first point to develop a strategy to manage the talent within the organization.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ½ My reading of the evidence of the case study (and talent for numbers) contained in this paper the task, can I draw a table that match between talent management at Standard Chartered Bank, and some of the features of SHRM.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ½ In the last decade of the last century a growing awareness of the value of human goals and means in the development system, and therefore become more frequent studies, research and conferences held to define the concept of human development and analysis of components and dimensions, basic needs, social development, human capital formation, or raise the standard of living or improve the quality of life. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ½ Human resources development (the process is to increase the knowledge, skills and abilities of the workforce capable of operating in all areas, which are picked up and selected, in light of the different tests in order to raise the level of productive efficiency to the fullest extent possible.)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ½ Talent Management at Standard Chartered Bank Features of SHRM And talent management programmer is to collect information about the workforce in the bank in all parts of the world, showing that there is a need for help, or if the resources are used well. SHRM increase the flow of information on job opportunities, goals and organizational objectives. SHRM Accreditation human capital, which provides information about the capabilities of current and potential human capital to guide the development of the strategy.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ½ Three other principles that support the Bank of programmer talent: the great works great needs of managers; managers in building great staff participation; and that people perform better when they play with full force. SHRM enters a new team with the leaders of broader responsibilities. Employee relations, participation, and participation, and strengthen accountability and experience in the field to improve performance. Standard Chartered Bank to use lines of inner tubes to grow talent internally, and therefore have a continuous supply of talent. World Bank development programs to identify and develop talented people at all levels of the group, and the establishment of pools of local talent. Follow the talent during the recording and analysis of data of human capital. SHRM much emphasis on the role of education and development. Career development, and project and loan experience to enhance managerial expertise. Bank introduce some global standards and tools, and gives some of the managers in the banks the freedom to decide locally which the best way to use them. SHRM consider the geographical and cultural diversity as an opportunity to strengthen the functions and facilitate the exchange of best practices and ideas and new ways of working. Evaluation is a key part of talent management at Standard Chartered, it is used to classify employees into five categories, ranging from the high potential of the presentations and encourage them to take control of their personal development. SHRM focus on a system scale to support business goals. SHRM introduction of a new basis for the selection of staff and salary structures. Assessment and evaluation; evaluation, and feedback on performance, training, and work towards the objectives of development and function; observations of the resolutions of the job evaluation and development needs. The World Bank tools to evaluate performance on a regular basis, such as feedback of 360 degrees. SHRM incorporates a change in the organizational structures and performance evaluation. Bonus, with a focus on skills development and contribute to the workforce, improving team performance As one of the objectives of Standard Chartered is to attract the brightest talent, and then further develop their skills, and the bank has set the global orientation program, called Right Start, which is covering all the new arrivals.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ½ . SHRM create the appropriate atmosphere within the organization for current employees and new arrivals. SHRM looks at the process that enables people. Induction with the recruitment and selection processes, and this creates a culture of development. The aim to create great managers of the Bank, with the help of structured interview and by the Gallup Organization, and identified 250 people who have senior leadership in that it seeks to strengthen and provide them with training. SHRM is required to obtain new skills and new ways of working in organizations. SHRM ensure that all aspects of the organization of resources are involved (knowledge, core competencies). SHRM establish a relationship of personnel management and strategic management. The bank is offering a wide range of self-help tools for managers at all levels to develop their abilities and skills. For example, a product called the conversation on the Internet and discovered a test of strength. SHRM staff development, and new ideas, and training. SHRM looks at people in the first place to be managed resources to achieve strategic business objectives. Many of the practices talent management at Standard Chartered Bank is displayed features of SHRM, for example, are on staff participation, personal development and career planning (as shown in the table). It is useful for all organizations to manage their people under the scheme, coherent and management practices that reflect the talents and attributes SHRM to achieve success in the business world. Organizations need to develop human resources management strategy that is unique to their situation in terms of the context and objectives, and the demands of organizational stakeholders.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ½ 1.2 rare talents and it is a guarantee for the future. But in the current crisis in the world, executives in the banking sector in a bid to find a balance between the numbers of staff and reduce labor costs and maintain the use of talent management programs at the same time (both play offense and defense). What is the best way to manage talent in times of crisis? No talent management program is a program to change the long term? There are complementarities between human resources management and other departments in the enterprise; they are not only management assistance to other departments to assist them to manage their human resources needs, promotion, and transfer and performance evaluation. There is also integration between the activities contained in the human resources management such as integration between the activities of the description and workforce planning operating and research and polarization selection, recruitment and measurement of efficiency but in times of crisis, and I think that senior executives must recognize the importance of workforce management, staffing and costs, while achieving the maximum utilization of talent. And that the actual performance of the work agreed performance standards. Evaluation is an inevitable requirement in order to achieve organization goals based on the criteria set. The performance appraisal is a review of what they have done depending on what he called fu nctional and standards of their work, and also provides information on the performance appraisal skills they need to perform their duties perfectly. Through the evaluation, depending on the results take decisions to reward diligent and punish the defaulters. The responsibility for human resources management is in the design of the statute to assess the performance of individuals and training managers on how the evaluation then keep records of performance evaluation in order to take decisions on them. The evaluation may be used for individual development through identification of training needs to him and see how progress towards efficiency. There are several ways to evaluate them as reported good goal-setting and evaluation pans and the entrance to labor standards and the checklist and the order simple. Talent Management is one of the major concerns, and even more in times of crisis because the driver to make a change in the long term. Executives need to use the talent management programs to focus on maintaining their core competencies to improve efficiency and increase the transfer of workers to the divisions and functions in high demand, to build up enough of the reward, and they need it to restructure jobs to reduce costs if they want their companies to stay in market and leave behind the current global crisis. In the current troubled economy, it is natural that executives in different parts of the world to take actions to size of the right organizations to avoid a Lehman Brothers to meet the new economic reality. According to 326 executives of international, who participated in the January 2009 across the industry to a survey by Forbes magazine, Deloitte Insights, shows that these figures are senior executives, which seeks to strengthen and deepen the capacity of human origins within the organizations and programs in accordance with the management talent to run the company smarter to be ready to take advantage of the best of times and the position of their organizations for growth once the current crisis begins to pass through. We all know that in the recruitment of current circumstances, not a top priority for most companies, even executives should keep the focus on retention and training of future leaders, evaluation of the success of the planning objectives of the organization and help the clarity of vision and work on the composition of Standards adopted in the stimulation and development organizations can survive in the competitive environment. The process of evaluation, if applied at the correct standards and keep abreast of global progress, it helps to develop the organization and achieve its objectives. Another important point in my opinion, and develop their talents present, because they know that the current global crisis will remain for the time and not forever (economic cycles). Another reason for this focus on maintaining the existing talent, and even during the current recession, and there is fear that competitors may try to attract staff away because of the value of the crisis, and also holds the opportunity did not put an end to the war for talent. Wave of restructuring and evictions often creates vacancies for the attention, says Tom Declercq, Managing Partner at Deloitte talent. To summarize and highlight the benefits of continuous use talent management as an engine of change, and will constitute a long-term view of Hubert de Neve, the chief of staff for Imec, and nanotechnology research center in Leuven. And said We can not say in the future. We can only do our duty and we know how best, as we used to do that. It is important, as always, to continue to invest. Even in talent. Which is one way for an organization to be ready as soon as the economy improved again? 1.3 since it was the first time and Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) the focus of many discussions. And is usually measured SHRM of compatibility between human resources (HR) management practices and strategic goals, and the integration of the human resources function in the process of strategic management, human resource development practices for executives, the impact of these practices on the strong performance (Bowen and Ostroff 2004; Ulrich 1998) Human Resources Management to adopt two entrances to the human resources which can benefit organizations through which the two increase organizational effectiveness and satisfy the needs of individuals as reported good. And goes on good, instead of looking at the organizations goals and needs of the individuals they are opposites separate and to achieve any of them would be at the expense of the other, take the entrance to the human resources that both the organizations goals and needs of individuals complement each other and not be at the expense of one of them, so research has shown behavioral need to treat individuals as resources rather than as a production factor. The good foundations and principles underlying this entry, including: 1. If individuals are the best investment management and development can achieve the objectives of the organization and increase productivity. 2. The human resources policies must be created to satisfy the needs of individuals psychological, economic and social development. 3. The work environment should create and encourage individuals to develop and exploit their skills. 4. Programs and human resource policies must be implemented in a sensitive balance between the needs of individuals and the goals of the organization through a structured process will help to achieve this important balance. The Deputy Minister of Administrative Reform Canada, Mr. Charlbwa , noted that Canada has prepared a long term plan from 1990-2000 and was named the project for developing the performance of service in 2000 with a view to strengthening the public service to be more efficient and specialized and impartial and to be recognized as an asset productivity in the development process . Not surprising to find that four items out of ten items in the plan, the Canadian interest in human resources. These four items are the benefits and compensation, and training and development, and employment adjustment after working with the working environment. After reviewing the above shows, the importance of human resources as an asset developmental productive and effective if properly exploited, training, and this helped the lead of adults because they are concerned with the human element but also has developed strategic plans for the realization of the importance of the maximum utilization of these human resources as is the case in the State of Canada. SHRM still need to prove their contribution to the method of measuring organizational performance (Budhwar and Khatri 2001; Fisher and Dowling 1999; Schuler and Jackson 1999). As I said before, there are always discussions about whether it really is the practice of SHRM; executives alike have a role in transforming the HR function to be more strategic, and whether it adds value to the minimum (Martell and Carroll, 1995). SHRM consider human resources as assets for investment, and human resources management and strategic rather than reactive, and the perspective of administrative (Budhwar 2000a; Buyens will be a friendly in 2001). Because he knows how human resources management through the formulation and implementation of company / business strategies (Brewster and Larsen 1992), Integration refers to the involvement of human resources management in the formulation and implementation of organizational strategies and coordination between human resources management with the strategic needs of the organization. Integration leads to improved efficiency and cost-effectiveness. In addition, and human resources to be a strategic partner for human resource managers to participate in strategic decision-making along with other senior managers, and provide greater opportunity for human resources to align goals, strategies, philosophies and practices with the companys objectives and implementation of business strategy (Ulrich 1997a; Buyens friendly and would be 1999 ). As human resources managers membership in more than senior management team in the organization that can give the opportunity to manage human resources to represent their interests, and the impact of business strategy, and performance monitoring. . Section B, Question 3: Introduction The ultimate goal is to enable the participant to lead a thorough examination of the position of management and human resource development in the firm using the tools available for this activity, the modern enterprise requires staff who focus On the client, and flexible multi-skilled and skilled to adapt to innovative and results-oriented, and able to respond quickly to unexpected changes, and able to develop options to work through Negotiation and communication and networking. Staff need to play an active and leading role in policy development, regulation and administrative arrangements to ensure the achievement of organizational objectives. Learning and development, and therefore play a vital role in organizational development to achieve the strategic human resource management results. For example, the development and use of human capital attraction and retention, And all of the human resources development (HRD) practices are in the center of strategic focus in the management of human resources. The purpose of this article is to discuss the role and importance of resource development humanity in achieving organizational results SHRM. The definition of human resource development Human resources development (HRD) is a human resources management activities designed to develop skills, knowledge and attitudes of workers institution. It is thus part of a comprehensive concept Human resources management. They are concerned with the training activities as well as covering other aspects such as planning, career progression and work cycle, like any other activity which plays an important role in the development of the population within the organization. and human resource development to assist staff to develop their personal skills, knowledge and organizational capacity. Human resource development and also help in identifying the needs of skills of companies, in the present and future, and to identify and incorporate the learning needs of individuals. The ultimate goal is to see the skills of their workforce and knowledge to perform the tasks required of staff, and manpower which is keen to learn new skills in order to be able to meet the challenges of the future, in other words that the purpose of the use of human resources development in the transition from a learning organization simple. There are many ways to this development, but can be formal and inform al. Formal learning such as training classes or distance learning courses, the process of informal learning is the direction of self-development. These include: learning: This is a formal process of staff development, such as the learning activities planned by the employer to enhance the skills and knowledge of staff to implement the tasks current best or work in the future. Development Plan: Refers to the individual and collective activities that develop personal skills and capabilities, such as organizational change. And determine the qualifications: such as staff development on the environment in general is not a particular job or individual, for example, programs such as commercial and administrative management course work or masters degree in management business. The purpose of the Human Resources Development Strategy, are all activities, including those run by the workers themselves, which aims to make optimum use of the institution and make them happy employees, the management strategy and human resource development for the institution. And describe the decision-making levels (strategic, functional and operational) and the manner in which it would be incorporated in the strategic management and human resources development and describes the objectives, descriptions and indicators of management strategy and human resource development as well as target indicators, activities and plans, priorities and resources needed to implement the strategy, advocates a strategic approach to resource developm ent human suggest that the development of human resources play an important role in linking policies SHRM and achieve business goals. Human resources development strategy and include staff positions to support the objectives The Organization through appropriate design in accordance with the needs of staff, and all that was supported by management commitment. A strategic plan for the development of human resources help the organization in achieving its objectives and achieve its objectives through the development and retention of people with high skills who are motivated, innovative and flexible. But can the development of human resources to achieve the principles in itself or in isolation from other human resources practices and policies such as SHRM. Human resources development is one of the foundations of the organization, not the sole basis. We must support the objectives of human resource development for companies, to be consistent with the Plan of SHRM and become an integral part of the business environment in the organization. This requires the commitment of all staff in order to be effective, a commitment to identify areas that require development and commitment to work in order to meet the needs that have been identified and that the responsibility of the ultimate goal is The participant will be able to lead a thorough examination of the position of the management and human resource development in the firm using the tools available for this activity and achieving the goals of training desired by creating an environment conducive to this achievement through a range of training in particular, and throughout the organization in general à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Senior Management: strategic leadership for the development of human resources, and determine future needs of learning and its commitment to support and actively promote human resources development plan, analysis of the situation Indicators and how they can be modified, to see if he proposed structure raises the level of achievement of the objectives previously defined, or is it necessary adjustments and changes, regular sessions of the workshop on entrepreneurship development Foundation to assess the results and any changes it considers necessary, each of the proposed structure and work procedures, or descriptions of work involved, the definition of activities during the transition period advertised, especially Those that are intended to inform and raise the motivation of people who are affected by changes in the structure or operating procedures. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Managers: To ensure the implementation of human resource development under the program, the senior Management must group for the implementation of the study, and follow-up and evaluation of the identification of needs for individuals And corporate learning with the staff, and ensure the provision of training and development to meet these needs and define how can estimate the amount of indicators (the current situation and future), the organization of ongoing review of progress Workflow, which must be implemented by senior management to verify the implementation of changes and evaluation. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Staff: to identify learning needs, according to the level of functionality, and identify priorities for learning with their managers, and then human resource development programs that would help to improve productivity And the effectiveness of individual goals and career advancement, he described the work in accordance with the new organizational structure, including the tasks, performance standards, and work activities, knowledge and skills required, identify groups Work, and integrity of the overall tasks of the institution, and to assess the conditions of appointment and promotion, the definition of the transition processes from the current situation to the situation resulting from the new organizational structure, clarifying the objectives of the procedures And how to implement them, you must take into account the changes required to operate these procedures with the new structure and system development work on the organization of the institution to identify the problems of organizational structure and the search for solutions. (Sub-groups can be established if needed to analyze the different positions). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The human resources function: planning and human resource development plan, and provide advice and assistance regarding the implementation plan to develop human resources, the exact definition of the transition period from the current situation Target to the situation when a decision to make changes in the structure. Strategic Objective for Education and Development Human resource development beyond the traditional concept of training and development through training courses and human resource development to consider ways that are best suited to achieve the desired learning, such as: training labor and Employment, and rotation, and research, seminars, mentoring, training and study. In fact, without this broader context, most of the training ends wasting money. Of course, the traditional is not always the most convenient way to learn, for example, in most cases knows that the employee gained quickly lost due to the lack of follow-up or an opportunity to practice learning. Should managers to provide staff with opportunities to practice and discuss what they have learned. Follow-up learning requires both managers and staff to plan how they will do so. While it is important in all organizations, it applies especially in a small institution where he repeated training is not financially feasible. For this reason, managers must determine the most appropriate way to learn and keep in mind that not all learning styles of the cost of funds. Education played an important role in achieving organizational results SHRM. We already know the relationship between SHRM and change (Figure below illustrates this). In fact, it will show through changes in the Learning SHRM Performance Change Source: Strategic Management of Human Resources Version 3.0 p 317. To improve the performance of the organization need to develop the ability to change through learning, because learning is a real opportunity, innovation and creativity and the ability to release staff. Review and evaluation to measure the role and importance of development of human resources in achieving organizational results SHRM, should be reconsidered in human resources development plan and evaluated periodically in the light of the objectives and performance indicators Such as productivity and efficiency, and efficiency in development, and cost effectiveness, and the balance would be acceptable between the processes and skills required and the ability to respond correctly to changes in work and: The ability to deal with changes in the mechanisms of effective planning and coordination. In short, there are many benefits that accompany the integration of human resource development with the organizations mission and strategic objectives. Such as: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The use of human resources development as a management tool to increase productivity. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ increase the participation of supervisors and executive management, and executives in the field of training and development of their workforce. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ A framework for the development of human resources strategy, a copy of a preliminary modified by the International Telecommunication Union and World Bank. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Indicators of the plan to improve court administration. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Workshops and seminars to develop the organizational structure. Human resources development, in the context of learning and development, is a vital factor in business planning and the survival of the organization. Section B, Question 4: Introduction Dealing with the needs of innovation and rapid environmental changes associated with life changes and economic changes in the world, as well as all the traditional newspaper business to convert the human resources management (THRM) in SHRM for their support, promote and work on the growth and development, because there is no doubt that the Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM ) is useful for good corporate performance and dedication to work and teamwork, and this is what you want any company. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ½ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ½ What is the relationship between SHRM and the menstrual cycle? Why centralized systems of SHRM monthly period? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ½ The definition of performance management systems à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ½ According to SHRM (Society of Human Resources Management), and management performance is a means to regularly monitor the results of work activities, collecting and evaluating performance to determine achievement of objectives, and the use of performance information for decision-making, resource allocation and communication, both in receipt of goals. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ½ In other words, the system of performance management is the management process refers to a group of technologies, functions and procedures to improve the performance of the organization and its staff and the forest in order to ensure that the process will focus its efforts in ways that will contribute to achieving the companys goals and objectives. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ½ Bevan Thompson (1992) offer the following definition:à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ½ * PMS communicate a vision of the organizations objectives to the employee. * PMS provide the departmental/business unit and individual performance targets that are drawn from the wider organizational objectives. * PMS provide a formal review process of how the objectives have been met. * PMS establish the basis for identifying training, development and reward decisions as outcomes from the review process. * A fully integrated PM system (objective setting, review process and linked development and review system) provides the basis for evaluating the effectiveness of the whole performance process in providing enhanced organizational performance. A carefully modeled system will provide the necessary information to report on capability as well as outcomes achieved. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ½ PMS have different advantages such as: * PMS set expectations for employee performance based on business objectives. Supervisors and managers are responsible for managing the performance of their employees to best fit the nature of the work performed and the mission of the organization. * PMS maintain a dialogue between supervisor and employee to keep performance on track. e.g., when expectations change during the course of the work cycle, supervisors communicate these changes and modify work plans as necessary. * There is a mix of quantitative and qualitative objectives. * The system is integrated with interlocking procedures and flows of information. To name just a few Why centralized systems of SHRM monthly period? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ½ It is known that the strategy of human resource management and performance management system helps to focus staff on the operational results and strategy of the organization. In other words, human resource management strategy, which contains the menstrual cycle that can work to bring about a culture change in strategic direction and effective, which means it is the corner stone of per

Macbeth :: essays research papers

The Influence of External Forces  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There were many external forces that influenced Macbeth on making his major decision. The decision was whether or no to kill King Duncan. These forces were the apparitions, the old witches, and Lady Macbeth. The apparitions influenced Macbeth by making him think he was invincible. The witches influenced Macbeth by telling him that he was going to become king. Lady Macbeth also influenced him by emasculating him. Although these factors influenced Macbeth, it was still his choice to act upon this decision. Still, no matter how hard Macbeth tried, he could not avoid the influence of what others had to say.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first external force that influenced Macbeth was the apparitions. The apparitions influenced Macbeth by making him think he was invincible. The first apparition said, â€Å"Macbeth! Macbeth! Macbeth! Beware Macduff! Beware Thane of Fife, dismiss me; enough.†(act 4, scene 1, lines 71-73) This meant that Macbeth, had to watch out for Macduff, the Thane of Fife . The second apparition said, â€Å"Be bloody, bold, and resolute, Laugh to scorn the power of man, for none born of woman shall harm Macbeth.†( act 4, scene 1, lines 78-81) This meant that no man that was born out of the female birth canal could harm Macbeth. This statement contradicts the one statement made by the first apparition. Macbeth thought that since Macduff was human that he had to have been born through the birth canal. Macbeth did not know that Macduff was born by c-section, he was untimely ripped. The third apparition said, â€Å"Be lion-mettled, proud and take no care of who chafes, who frets, or where conspires are: Macbeth shall never vanquished be until Great Birnam Wood to high Dunsinane Hill shall come against him.†(Act 4, Scene 1, Lines 89-94) This means that Macbeth should be brave and proud. It also means that Macbeth will not be killed until the forest marches up to his castle. Macbeth thinks though that that was absurd. He never imagined the forest walking. The forest did walk though. It walked when Macduff and his associates camouflaged themselves with it, and attacked Macbeth’s castle. The apparitions made him feel like he could do anything. Then he decided to take out Duncan.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The witches also influenced Macbeth in killing King Duncan. They told Macbeth that he was going to become king. The first witch said, â€Å"All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, Thane of Glamis.

Ethics Golden Rule

There is no ‘right vs.. Wrong when it comes to showing reverence for the dead or comforting the grieving. Perhaps it is better to think in terms of appropriate vs.. Inappropriate, or thoughtful vs.. Thoughtless. When you're not sure what to do, the best course of action is always the Golden Rule: ‘treat others the way you wish to be treated. Under this ethical code, funeral directors, cremation societies and direct disposers are expected to treat with he greatest respect the clients they serve, the deceased with whom they are entrusted; the general public who seek information; the cultural values, religious traditions, and familial relationships of all; the private information they are given; and the laws of the state; and the profession in which they serve. The death Of a loved one is an incredibly difficult time, and a family needs to feel supported and cared for when they choose a funeral professional to take care of a loved one.Ethical treatment of the deceased is the highest priority for cremation societies, funeral homes and cemeteries. It is an honor and a sacred duty to help a family when they have lost a loved one. It is a spiritual and reverent experience to care for those who have died. Those in Funeral Service are committed to leading the way in funeral industry ethics, and showing the communities, in which they serve that do take their duties and responsibilities seriously in showing reverence for the dead. What should be done with the dead? Where, O death, is your victory? Where, O death, is your sting? (l Corinthians 15:55) Death is never a welcome visitor. Death may come suddenly or be receded by a long, lingering illness. No matter how we may sometimes think we are prepared for a death, it is always perceived as â€Å"sudden† and without warning. Many people are so afraid of death that the topic is totally avoided from any thought or discussion. Several methods for disposal are practiced: earth burial, entombment, cremation o r donation of the decedent's body for anatomical study. In many cases, the manner of disposal is dominated by spiritual guidelines and a desire to show reverence for the dead, and may be highly radicalized.Many religions as well as legal jurisdictions have set rules regarding the disposal of corpses of the dead. Since the experience of death is universal to all humans, practices regarding corpse disposal are a part of every culture and religion. There is a duty upon certain people to dispose of a body after a death. This duty falls on the executor or administrator of the decedent's estate, the parents of a deceased child, a hospital authority / nursing home if the body of a deceased patient is on its premises and the local authority where no arrangements are otherwise made for the disposal.

Molar Heat Capacity Definition and Examples

Molar Heat Capacity Definition and Examples Molar heat capacity or molar specific heat capacity is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 mole of a substance. In SI units, molar heat capacity (symbol: cn) is the amount of heat in joules required to raise 1 mole of a substance 1 Kelvin. cn Q/ΔT where Q is heat and ΔT is the change in temperature. For most purposes, heat capacity is reported as an intrinsic property, meaning it is a characteristic of a specific substance. Heat capacity is measured using a calorimeter. A bomb calorimeter is used for calculations at constant volume. Coffee cup calorimeters are appropriate for finding constant pressure heat capacity. Units of Molar Heat Capacity Molar heat capacity is expressed in units of J/K/mol or J/mol ·K, where J is joules, K is Kelvin, and m is number of moles. The value assumes no phase changes occur. Youll typically start out with the value for molar mass, which is in units of kg/mol. A less common unit of heat is the kilogram-Calorie (Cal) or the cgs variant, the gram-calorie (cal). Its also possible to express heat capacity in terms of pound-mass using temperatures in degrees Rankine or Fahrenheit. Molar Heat Capacity Examples Water has a molar specific heat capacity of 75.32 J/mol ·K. Copper has a molar specific heat capacity of 24.78 J/mol ·K. Molar Heat Capacity Versus Specific Heat Capacity While molar heat capacity reflects the heat capacity per mole, the related term specific heat capacity is the heat capacity per unit mass. Specific heat capacity is also known simply as specific heat.  Sometimes engineering calculations apply volumetric heat capacity, rather than specific heat based on mass. Molar Heat Capacity Key Takeaways Molar heat capacity is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 mole of a substance by 1 Kelvin.The SI unit of molar heat capacity is the joule, so molar heat capacity is expressed in terms of  J/mol ·K.Molar heat capacity is specific heat capacity per unit mass.

School Uniform Policy essays

School Uniform Policy essays I have heard a lot of talk about a uniform policy being enforced in our public school. Since this is an important topic of discussion, not only in our school but also in schools across the nation, I would like to share with you my view on this topic. Both sides have a good reasoning on this issue, but I believe that a safe and disciplined learning environment is the first necessity of all schools; therefore making school uniforms mandatory would not hurt but benefit our school system. There are many ways our school can enforce the uniform policy and make it more effective within the student body this would in turn help to promote school safety and reduce peer pressure, while enhancing the learning environment. The first problem that school uniforms will raise is about style. However, this problem can be solved to make students feel more comfortable in the uniforms. There are now a variety of styles and options available that would make uniforms more acceptable to students and parents at school. For example, polo shirt and chino pants, or oxford shirt and chino pants. Alternatively, you can take the same fabric materials and make a variety of styles such as skirts, shorts, and slacks. This would make the color, fabric, and basic pattern remain the same for all students whiling giving them a variety of styles to chose from and making the clothes more comfortable for students to wear. Requiring styles that are more comfortable and fabrics would help keep both students and parents happy. Furthermore, since America is "free country we cannot take away students freedom of speech and expression. Therefore, if students are unable to express themselves through their clothing then we should offer other opportunities for students in order to protect their rights of expression. For example, we can allow students to wear specific clothing, such as yarmulkes and headscarves; during the school day if it is part of students' religious prac...

Communism in china essays

Communism in china essays To say that the Chinese Communist revolution is a non-Western revolution is more than a clich. That revolution has been primarily directed, not like the French Revolution but against alien Western influences that approached the level of domination and drastically altered China's traditional relationship with the world. Hence the Chinese Communist attitude toward China's traditional past is selectively critical, but by no means totally hostile. The Chinese Communist revolution, and the foreign policy of the regime to which it has given rise, have several roots, each of which is embedded in the past more deeply than one would tend to expect of a movement seemingly The Chinese superiority complex institutionalized in their tributary system was justified by any standards less advanced or efficient than those of the modern West. China developed an elaborate and effective political system resting on a remarkable cultural unity, the latter in turn being due mainly to the general acceptance of a common, although difficult, written language and a common set of ethical and social values, known as Confucianism. Traditional china had neither the knowledge nor the power that would have been necessary to cope with the superior science, technology, economic organization, and military force that expanding West brought to bear on it. The general sense of national weakness and humiliation was rendered still keener by a unique phenomenon, the modernization of Japan and its rise to great power status. Japan's success threw China's failure into The Japanese performance contributed to the discrediting and collapse of China's imperial system, but it did little to make things easier for the subsequent successor. The Republic was never able to achieve territorial and national unity in the face of bad communications and the widespread diffusion of modern ar...

Treatment of women in Christianity, Islam, and Judaism Essay

Treatment of women in Christianity, Islam, and Judaism - Essay Example In regards to veiling, they had to double their veil prior to leaving their houses. Reviewing the first Creation story (Genesis 1:27) the description of GOD is that of creating both man and women concurrently: "So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them." The usual manner this was interpreted was the insinuation of equality between the two .Reviewing the second creation story , (Genesis 2:7)All men were formed only by God : "...the LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul. God realized there was the need of a collaborator (Genesis 2:18), thus then God marched all of the flora and fauna past Adam (Genesis 2:19-20) looking for an appropriate creature. One of those, God found appropriate, Eve was then created by God out of the ribs of Adam. . The term "collaborator" has traditionally been interpreted as implying a mediocre role for Eve, although some modern interpreters believe that the word can mean a companion of equal status. "...the Hebrew word translated "helper" is used twenty-one times in the Old Testament: twenty of these cases refer to help from a superior." (3) In Genesis 2:27, Adam later asserts his authority over Eve by naming her: "...she shall be called Woman, because she was taken out of Man. "these were the ancient times in which it was believed that one individual could exercise authority over the other by mere naming it.' (Robinson, 1) 'WOMEN IN THE NEW TESTAMENT'S EPISTLES There are four gospels in total in the New Testament of the Christian scriptures. - The other 45 or so were the Gospels that never became part of the official catalog - which dealt first and foremost with the life and living of Jesus. There were hundreds of letters remaining which were eventually in circulation at the time of the early Christian movement. These letters were basically meant to deal with the development of Christianity after the death sentence of the Christ. In particular some of the letters written by Paul were the ones that made it to the New Testament .The concluding epistles enclosed two commonly elite practices: First was the promotion of the message of Christ, which was revolutionary. These contained the vitality of the issues of treating men, women prostitutes and tax collectors equally. Second was the rejection of Christ's message. They further contained restrictions and limitations upon the roles of women. The women were restored to their previous inferior status, just as in the Old Testament (the Hebrew Scriptures). Biblical references promoting gender equality: John 1:12: All populace, men and women, have the chance to become the offspring of God - in all probability without consideration of their gender, race, sexual orientation,

How did the French Revolution inspire Romanticism and why Essay

How did the French Revolution inspire Romanticism and why - Essay Example Romanticism, therefore, turned to an assessment of imperialism and materialism of an industrial community. Although the French revolution enabled romanticism to gain popularity, it turned romantics against it. The French revolution in an immense way influenced the era of romanticism and most of it in a positive way. The French revolution significantly inspired interest in the portrayal of modern-day events, although there was evidence of detailed paintings that were done before the revolution (Mosse, 1989). The French revolution was inspired by the enlightenment era which led to a period of anticipation and optimism. Artists in France chose to represent their happenings in highly detailed forms of art. Their leader Napoleon demanded that their achievements should be displayed in detailed pictures. Napoleon wanted everything to be remembered and, therefore, pictures would do the representation better. Paintings that also represented individual suffering were represented in â€Å"The Raft of the Medusa.† rudiments of romanticism can be establish in art, music and literature and other forms of writings (Mosse,1989). Napoleons invasions can be attributed to dispersal of reforms across Europe. The Romantic Movement also helped shape the political movements such as the French revolution, and it was also shaped by the revolution. Both played a significant part in the creation of nationalism among the citizens. The romantics were ready to end the terrible reign and would do everything possible to improve the society. The French revolution helped cultivate the idea that rebuilding of the society was achievable. The revolution built on the Enlightenment plan of advancement that society could improve. The romantics, therefore, began embracing their history and displayed it in the form of art and music. The revolution inspired them and they started looking at their ancestral origins as a source of inspiration. The romantics during those times were focused on ending the reign of terror. It seems that they had the same vision as the people of France who wanted to break away from the monarchy. Romanticism developed to being a philosophy, which could not match the power that the French revolution had (Friedrich). The French revolution brought about the change that the romantic philosophers so much desired. Before the French revolution, the romantics lived in an oppressive society with no or little freedom. The romantics wanted a strong group to intervene and help them attain a stable government and a strong sense of individuality. Their society was particularly divided, and they could not write anything that was not acceptable. This made them desire so much for freedom. The rise of the French revolution, therefore, enabled people to be capable of putting across their feelings in whichever way they wished. The French revolution had a significant impact on the European lifestyle in the nineteenth century. A significant wave of emotion was spread thr oughout the society. The French revolution introduced new laws for the citizens. It also resulted in change, in both literature and art (Doyle). Romanticism is largely responsible for shaping the world to a better place to live. The French revolution was the climax of the romantic philosophy. The revolution provided with problems, which acted as a basis for the romantic literature and art. The French revol

New Energy Drink Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

New Energy Drink - Assignment Example g will be used to determine what should be the breakeven point in units as well as in sales so that the business can attain minimum revenue of zero profit. Using the information related to production and distribution, certain estimations will be done. This will require the use of cash budget, forecasted income statement and forecasted balance sheet will be developed. A plan is also framed to develop a consortium of small number of investors interested in developing a new energy drink, wherein a discussion related to financial issues will be carried out. Hence after conducting the required financial analysis, a properly planned ‘pitch’ of the project will be developed. It will aim to convey the required information to the potential investors in a systematic manner and convince them for investing. The intended drink is set to combine the best of a health and a soft drink. Not only will it have the replenishing quality of a soft drink but will also address the energy requirements of its consumers. This energy drink will be available in a ready-to-drink form. This drink is named ‘My Drink’ in an attempt to bring every section of the population under its fold. To keep the product eco-friendly, it will be available in tetra packs made up of bio-degradable material. Initially only 250ml tetra packs will be launched in the market but later on sizes varying from 400ml, 1000ml and 1500ml will be launched according to the demand. Though the product will now be introduced in a single continental flavour, in future the company might introduce certain flavours like orange, lemon, vanilla, strawberry, chocolate, mix fruit and so on. The company has decided to take the help of a distributing firm until it has gained pertinent knowledge about the market operations. This is because investing in developing personal distribution, in the initial days, is not only risky but also results in high investment cost. It has also been decided to hire a distributer who will take the

Management Sustainability Plan Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Management Sustainability Plan - Coursework Example The paper tells that the water resource problem talked about is overfishing which has been practiced by fishermen for quit longer time. According to VLR, fishermen have been engaging in deep sea fishing which has led to depletion of big fish to about only 10 percent remaining in the sea which has raised alarm among the environmentalists. Overfishing has also led to decreased number of fish species available in the sea since they no-longer breed leading to their depletion. Most fishermen are motivated to overfishing by the reward they get leading to the creation of the problem. The big population has also contributed to the problem since people need food to keep themselves surviving in undergoing their daily duties. The problems met as a result of declining fish stocks can be addressed through management and sustainability plans which are favorable to both sides. One of management and sustainability plans will be through seasonal fishing. This will allow fishing for a certain time fra me then living fish to breed as they regain population. Most of the problems have been as a result of overfishing and leaving no room for various fish species to breed as a result of disturbance. Fish can be given 4 months to breed without any form of fishing and resuming fishing for 8 months yearly. However, this sustainability plan must start with community awareness, and they be educated in ensuring they get the essence otherwise it may not work. Second management and sustainability plan is through diversification of sources of incomes and diet. This is possible through having different sources of acquiring income as well as food hence minimizing the pressure on one source, which is fishing (Hompson & Jorgensen 31). Creating awareness first will be critical for the success of this plan as fishermen will see the need of diversification through being educated. It may be a long term plan but will be fruitful and sustainable to the generations to come since it can be monitored. Build ing fish ponds can be helpful in sustaining if there are resources since it will create another avenue of getting fish incase the community is not willing to change in diet. The above mentioned plans are sustainable and are favoring both environmentalist and the fishermen. Diversification of sources of revenues and source of food can be viewed positively by the environmentalists because it will lessen the pressure put on fishing activities. However, it may not be quickly viewed positively by fishermen being that they have lived on fishing as the only source of income and of food over decades. It may be viewed negatively, but at last it will be good and will be adopted by both parties. Seasonal fishing will be welcomed by environmentalist and fishermen because the end-result will be overwhelming. It will provide the opportunity to have fish throughout, and they will increase in population to their advantage. There may be contrast views concerning the use of fish pond as a result of p erceived resources to be used, but it is a good, sustainable plan too. Environmentalist can embrace it since it will be man-made and more fish species can be introduced into it. Fishermen too can view it positively since it is man-made fish source with the owner in full regulations without external interference. Various techniques of catching fish have different problems that they bring to the ecosystem. One of the problems as a result of this fishing technique is unbalancing of the food chain, which comes in several ways. The ability of man to do overfishing depletes fish resulting to deficiency of food on sea animals feeding on fish. Proper fishing techniques control the balance of food chains since there is the availability of the preys as well as the predators. This technique of fishing also causes poor breeding among fish as a result of disturbances in their breeding grounds. The proposed plan in the community may be affect some people in one way or another depending on the tim e of

The Discharge of Water in the Design of the Channel Statistics Project

The Discharge of Water in the Design of the Channel - Statistics Project Example In the analysis of the graphs, the bar graph would indicate that the amount of rainfall in the river would cause the river water to rise. We can notice that there is almost a steady flow of water until after a rainstorm. The amount of rainfall is indicated in the bar graph while the rise of water in the river is indicated in the line graph. As the water rises in the river, the height of the water is recorded, and the amount of rainfall is computed. Normally the rise of water in a river occurs after a storm rainfall. The discharge is measured at a certain point in a river and is typically time variant. As the line graph is plotted, the part of the hydrograph rises up to its peak and the discharge is seen. The term given to this process in the hydrograph is the rising limb. The decrease of water discharge comes after the rising limb and it is defined as the falling limb. The peak discharge is when water reaches its highest point and there is the greatest amount of water in the river. T he period of time that is recorded between the peak rainfall and peak discharge is called the lag time. In the study of Cynon River that was performed, a total of 96 hours was consumed. The reading in the river height was taken every hour until the end of the 96th hour. At the end of the 96th hour, a hydrograph was plotted to take into considerations the result of the river height readings. A bar graph was plotted for the rainfall, and a line graph was plotted for the discharge. From the hydrograph, we can see how the water in the river had risen. The graph showed that the rise of water started in the 44th hour. The peak point was reached on the 56th hour.

The Punic Wars Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Punic Wars - Research Paper Example However, the two strong rivals in power engaged in war, specifically in the Punic Wars, which was a series of three wars where Carthage was defeated by Rome three times. Carthage was defeated not only because of poor strategy but also because of corruption in its government. On the other hand, Rome won because of its military and political brilliance and sense of unity among its people and military groups. The First Punic War The first Punic War was fought by Rome and Carthage between 264 and 241 BC. It is interesting to note that by 275 BC, Rome had already conquered all of Italy and its goal was to prevent the neighboring countries from getting -------------- 1William C. Morey, The First Punic War, Forum Romanum, 2013. 2Ibid. 3Ibid. 4Ibid. hold of any Roman territory especially Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica. The first Punic War broke out in Messina, Sicily when the Mamertines, or the Roman mercenary soldiers who were employed by the Syracusan tyrant Agathocles, and who were in contr ol of Messana or Messina, were attacked by the Syracusan forces under Hiero II, the Greek Sicilian king. Upon the attach of the forces of Hiero II, the Mamertines called in Rome for help while Hiero II appealed to Carthage and joined the forces of Hanno the Punic, who just landed in Sicily5. Since Rome and Carthage both had interests in Sicily, the war began and continued for the next 24 years. The final victory of Rome was in the sea on March 10, 241 BC, specifically in the naval battle off the western coast of Sicily. During this time, Rome gained mastery of the sea. As a consequence of defeat, Carthage gave up Sicily and the other islands to the Roman Empire. The Second Punic War Between the years 241 and 218 BC, before the second Punic Wars broke out in 218 BC, the Carthaginians experienced what is known as â€Å"aggressive and unjustified†6 actions against Rome, as stated by the Greek historian Polybius. The treaty that Rome signed with Carthage after the defeat of the l atter was actually breached by Rome as the Romans occupied Sardinia. Rome threatened ----------- 5The Punic Wars, Latin Library, 2013. 6Ibid. Carthage with war and even ceded Sardinia and Corsica and forced Carthage to pay an indemnity. The skirmishes between Rome and the Punic forces in Italy weakened the latter, and the latter had no desire of responding to Rome with war7. As a response to this, the Carthaginian general Hamilcar Barca occupied Spain in 237 with an army for the purpose of opening new markets as well as for creating a new Carthaginian base for its operations. Hamilcar Barca militarized Spain and this militarization was continued by Hasdrubal and Hannibal and Barca’s son-in-law Hasdrubal. When Hannibal conquered Sagunto, Spain, which was a Roman stronghold, Rome declared another war against Carthage8. Hannibal was placed as the head of the army in 221. In 219, Hannibal seized Sagunto or Saguntum. During this time, the Romans in Rome issued an ultimatum demandi ng the Carthaginian council to surrender Hannibal, but Rome was not obeyed and the council supported Hannibal and accepted the offer of war9. The second Punic War broke out in 218 BC and it is considered as â€Å"one of the greatest military conflicts of the ancient world†10. The series of strategies of the Carthaginian general Hannibal until he was defeated are worth mentioning. The first victory of Hannibal was near

Management Sustainability Plan Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Management Sustainability Plan - Coursework Example The paper tells that the water resource problem talked about is overfishing which has been practiced by fishermen for quit longer time. According to VLR, fishermen have been engaging in deep sea fishing which has led to depletion of big fish to about only 10 percent remaining in the sea which has raised alarm among the environmentalists. Overfishing has also led to decreased number of fish species available in the sea since they no-longer breed leading to their depletion. Most fishermen are motivated to overfishing by the reward they get leading to the creation of the problem. The big population has also contributed to the problem since people need food to keep themselves surviving in undergoing their daily duties. The problems met as a result of declining fish stocks can be addressed through management and sustainability plans which are favorable to both sides. One of management and sustainability plans will be through seasonal fishing. This will allow fishing for a certain time fra me then living fish to breed as they regain population. Most of the problems have been as a result of overfishing and leaving no room for various fish species to breed as a result of disturbance. Fish can be given 4 months to breed without any form of fishing and resuming fishing for 8 months yearly. However, this sustainability plan must start with community awareness, and they be educated in ensuring they get the essence otherwise it may not work. Second management and sustainability plan is through diversification of sources of incomes and diet. This is possible through having different sources of acquiring income as well as food hence minimizing the pressure on one source, which is fishing (Hompson & Jorgensen 31). Creating awareness first will be critical for the success of this plan as fishermen will see the need of diversification through being educated. It may be a long term plan but will be fruitful and sustainable to the generations to come since it can be monitored. Build ing fish ponds can be helpful in sustaining if there are resources since it will create another avenue of getting fish incase the community is not willing to change in diet. The above mentioned plans are sustainable and are favoring both environmentalist and the fishermen. Diversification of sources of revenues and source of food can be viewed positively by the environmentalists because it will lessen the pressure put on fishing activities. However, it may not be quickly viewed positively by fishermen being that they have lived on fishing as the only source of income and of food over decades. It may be viewed negatively, but at last it will be good and will be adopted by both parties. Seasonal fishing will be welcomed by environmentalist and fishermen because the end-result will be overwhelming. It will provide the opportunity to have fish throughout, and they will increase in population to their advantage. There may be contrast views concerning the use of fish pond as a result of p erceived resources to be used, but it is a good, sustainable plan too. Environmentalist can embrace it since it will be man-made and more fish species can be introduced into it. Fishermen too can view it positively since it is man-made fish source with the owner in full regulations without external interference. Various techniques of catching fish have different problems that they bring to the ecosystem. One of the problems as a result of this fishing technique is unbalancing of the food chain, which comes in several ways. The ability of man to do overfishing depletes fish resulting to deficiency of food on sea animals feeding on fish. Proper fishing techniques control the balance of food chains since there is the availability of the preys as well as the predators. This technique of fishing also causes poor breeding among fish as a result of disturbances in their breeding grounds. The proposed plan in the community may be affect some people in one way or another depending on the tim e of

The Punic Wars Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Punic Wars - Research Paper Example However, the two strong rivals in power engaged in war, specifically in the Punic Wars, which was a series of three wars where Carthage was defeated by Rome three times. Carthage was defeated not only because of poor strategy but also because of corruption in its government. On the other hand, Rome won because of its military and political brilliance and sense of unity among its people and military groups. The First Punic War The first Punic War was fought by Rome and Carthage between 264 and 241 BC. It is interesting to note that by 275 BC, Rome had already conquered all of Italy and its goal was to prevent the neighboring countries from getting -------------- 1William C. Morey, The First Punic War, Forum Romanum, 2013. 2Ibid. 3Ibid. 4Ibid. hold of any Roman territory especially Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica. The first Punic War broke out in Messina, Sicily when the Mamertines, or the Roman mercenary soldiers who were employed by the Syracusan tyrant Agathocles, and who were in contr ol of Messana or Messina, were attacked by the Syracusan forces under Hiero II, the Greek Sicilian king. Upon the attach of the forces of Hiero II, the Mamertines called in Rome for help while Hiero II appealed to Carthage and joined the forces of Hanno the Punic, who just landed in Sicily5. Since Rome and Carthage both had interests in Sicily, the war began and continued for the next 24 years. The final victory of Rome was in the sea on March 10, 241 BC, specifically in the naval battle off the western coast of Sicily. During this time, Rome gained mastery of the sea. As a consequence of defeat, Carthage gave up Sicily and the other islands to the Roman Empire. The Second Punic War Between the years 241 and 218 BC, before the second Punic Wars broke out in 218 BC, the Carthaginians experienced what is known as â€Å"aggressive and unjustified†6 actions against Rome, as stated by the Greek historian Polybius. The treaty that Rome signed with Carthage after the defeat of the l atter was actually breached by Rome as the Romans occupied Sardinia. Rome threatened ----------- 5The Punic Wars, Latin Library, 2013. 6Ibid. Carthage with war and even ceded Sardinia and Corsica and forced Carthage to pay an indemnity. The skirmishes between Rome and the Punic forces in Italy weakened the latter, and the latter had no desire of responding to Rome with war7. As a response to this, the Carthaginian general Hamilcar Barca occupied Spain in 237 with an army for the purpose of opening new markets as well as for creating a new Carthaginian base for its operations. Hamilcar Barca militarized Spain and this militarization was continued by Hasdrubal and Hannibal and Barca’s son-in-law Hasdrubal. When Hannibal conquered Sagunto, Spain, which was a Roman stronghold, Rome declared another war against Carthage8. Hannibal was placed as the head of the army in 221. In 219, Hannibal seized Sagunto or Saguntum. During this time, the Romans in Rome issued an ultimatum demandi ng the Carthaginian council to surrender Hannibal, but Rome was not obeyed and the council supported Hannibal and accepted the offer of war9. The second Punic War broke out in 218 BC and it is considered as â€Å"one of the greatest military conflicts of the ancient world†10. The series of strategies of the Carthaginian general Hannibal until he was defeated are worth mentioning. The first victory of Hannibal was near

Overlapping talk and turns Essay Example for Free

Overlapping talk and turns Essay In face-to-face interactions within one language, when Ð ° speaker decides to talk, she can do so at almost any moment in the talk of another speaker. Thus, the potential exists for any one speaker to talk when Ð ° current speaker is already talking. Although many linguists have called this interruption, Bennett (1981) pointed out that when two people talk at the same time, the description of what is happening is overlap, whereas interruption is Ð ° judgment regarding individuals rights and obligations when speaking. Overlapping talk is not always nor consistently viewed by speakers as interruption ( Edelsky 1981 ; Murray 1985 ; Tannen 1989 ). Many American speakers, women for example, tolerate overlapping speech without labeling it interruption (James and Drakich 199o). The term overlap or overlapping talk, includes both brief spurts of talk and talk which could continue for longer. Instances of overlap include everything from brief listening responses, to indications of understanding or the lack of it, words of agreement or disagreement, and when two speakers begin talking at the same time. In simultaneous interpreting, one kind of overlapping talk is constantinterpreters talk as primary speakers are talking. This kind of simultaneous talk of speaker and interpreter, which, in face-to-face interpreting, can be seen or heard by all participants, is Ð ° marker of the unusual nature of an interpreting event. This Interlingua overlap becomes an accepted norm of these face-to-face encounters and is not the kind of overlapping talk discussed here. However, another kind of overlap occurs in interpreted encounters which require the interpreter to intervene. This is the overlapping talk that occurs between the two primary speakers. 6 This overlap can easily be understood because two participants can begin simultaneously, respond to anothers talk briefly or at length, ask Ð ° question, exclaim, and so on. This is not to say that overlapping talk by primary speakers is customary. In fact, it appears that, for the most part, participants in an interpreting situation are aware that something unusual is going on and adjust their usual habits of talkingthat is, they are more cautious about taking Ð ° turn, and, many times, are never sure when it is their turn. In any language there can be overlapping talk by speakers without noticeable disruption of interaction. But overlapping talk between two speakers in an interpreted meeting forces an interpreter to act. An interpreter cannot interpret two speakers at the same time; thus overlapping talk during interpreting has an impact different from when it occurs in ordinary conversation. When it occurs, two things are immediately apparent: (1) the possibility exist for three people to be talking; and (2) the interpreter must make Ð ° decision. Then the question is, what does the interpreter do, or rather what choices are available to the interpreter? 1. An interpreter can stop one (or both) speakers and allow the other speaker to continue. If an interpreter stops both speakers, then either the interpreter indicates who speaks next or one of the primary speakers decides who talks next. 2. An interpreter can momentarily ignore one speakers overlapping talk, hold the segment of talk in memory, continue interpreting the other speaker, and then produce the held talk immediately following the end of Ð ° speakers turn. Decisions about holding talk in ones memory lie within the interpreters ability to do so and the interpreters judgment regarding the importance or impact of the talk to be held in memory. 3. An interpreter can ignore overlapping talk completely. 4. An interpreter can momentarily ignore overlapping talk and upon finishing the interpretation of one speaker, offer the next turn to the other speaker, or indicate in some way that Ð ° turn was attempted. To stop Ð ° speaker, an interpreter has to do something, verbally and/or nonverbally, within microseconds of the overlapping talk. Although there may be several strategies in any language for stopping Ð ° speaker, interpreter’s also have to consider other factors, such as message importance, speaker relationships, and relative status or authority. Inevitably, interpreters have to choose strategies that work in specific situations with specific speakers. Because of the nature of interpreting employment, it is not unusual for interpreters to work in situations where they do not know the speakers or know them only slightly. This forces interpreter’s to learn the factors of Ð ° situation quickly. Thus, interpreters must know Ð ° wide range of communicative strategies and, as they learn about interlocutorsjust as interlocutors learn about participating in an interpreted eventthey make decisions about which strategies to use. This example is particularly rich with three instances of overlapping talk between the primary speakers. Two instances of overlap are within the first seven seconds of this segment, brief, and practically imperceptible. The third instance, however, is more dramatic. As three people begin to talk, the Interpreter has to do something. The first overlap occurs as the Professor begins Ð ° new topic. She has been discussing why the Students work is good but needs some corrections. Then, with almost no hesitation, the Professor switches to Ð ° new topic, chunking. At the beginning of this segment, YES is the Students response to the Professors previous utterance. As the Student says YES, the Professor simultaneously starts her new topic with Ch- but doesnt complete the word. This is the first instance of overlapping talk as the Professor and Student both utter together. Both contributions are brief; the Professor doesnt even finish her word so there is no need to stop them. The Professor appears to hear and understand the Yes, І agree rendered by the Interpreter. The second overlap occurs one line later when the Professor and the Student say chunking together. The Interpreter has let the Student know that the Professor is talking about chunking, and as the Professor says, І have no idea how, she sees the Student shrug; look puzzled, and shake his head. Although she pauses briefly, as she says, chunking again, so does the Student. As they say chunking together, they both see each other speak, and they laugh together briefly. Again, it seems Ð ° spontaneous occurrence, brief and ending quickly.

The History About The Tourism Industry Tourism Essay

The History About The Tourism Industry Tourism Essay Comprehensive project report is part of the MBA sem 3 and 4 curriculum. Under which 2 students in one group are supposed to study one industry and so we have selected TOURISM INDUSTRY for our study. Tourism Industry is one of the fastest growing industries in the world with an average GDP of 11.6%. Changing lifestyle of the people because of a sudden increase in their income levels accredited to the opening up of the economy and Multinational Corporation has led to the steep growth of tourism industry in India. Tourists attention is shifting from established destinations such as European countries to emerging destination such as Asia-pacific countries. Travel barriers have been broken and there is a flow of free trade. Tourism has become multiple activates focused with the integration of shopping and recreation, entertainment and education and culture and business center development. Tourism Industry is deeply affected by the social, technological, economic factors. All these factors have been given their due credit in the project. Economy being the bloodline of any country has been devoted a major chunk in the study of these factors followed by social and technological factors. Government policies provide a basic framework, which minds and controls every industry. Therefore, it has to be studied so that not a single factor remains untouched. For the development of any industry the basic infrastructure facilities are very important. Indian railway is the worlds largest network under a single management. The railway is one of the facilities required for tourism besides aviation, telecommunications and accommodation. Tour operators and travel agents perform the role of a liaison and a catalyst too in this industry without whom it is very difficult to operate. . As we know that tourism industry of India is growing at a very fast pace so in this we have project also deals with the current scenario and the challenges faced by the tourism industry of India. A few suggestions about development of tourism in India have been market in the project such as planning, organizational structure, business process reengineering, information systems, operations management, marketing strategy formulation, environmental impact assessment and project management. GROWTH AND EVOLUTION OF TOURISM INDUSTRY IN INDIA The fall of Roman Empire resulted into downfall of tourism, at least till the end of Middle East. The available facts reveal that Roman evinced interest in visiting temples, shrines, festivals and baths for health and amusement. The contours of Development underwent radical change at least till the 15th century. The trade and commerce along with religious activities gained the momentum but till the beginning of industrial revolution, tourism continued to remain the matter of pilgrimage. Of Course a number of developments took place between 15th and 18th centuries. Specially In the industrial world which raised the significance of specialization or expertise for excelling competition. This motivated the elite of the society to go abroad for enriching the knowledge, speeding up the learning cycle developing the excellence and making possible cross fertilization of thoughts and ideas. By the turn of 19th century, we find multifaceted development in transportation, communication and, tec hnological sophistication, which energized the process of industrial transformation. The tourism started developing as a business and the professional Travel agents started taking part in the process. With the beginning of the 20th century the process of invention and innovation stated gaining momentum which made ways for the development of infrastructural facilities and further added new dimensions in tourism business. No doubts, the World War I and World War II obstructed the flow of development but the second half of the 20th century proved to be golden age, since almost all the countries of the world started patronizing tourism as an important economic activity. Thomas cook was of the view that beauty is for the people. The opinion of Mr. Cook generated new dimension in the tourism business, which paved copious avenues for development of tourism as an industry. We cant deny that since the time immemorial travel has been first choice of masses , the qualitative improvement in the process could take place with the participation and co-operation of leading global organization , such as WORLD TOURIST ORGANISATION, PACIFIC AREA TRAVEL ASSOCIATION, INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OFFICIAL TRAVEL ORGANISATION or so With the development of a broader concept, the essence of Tourism further distilled and it was more holistic approach because in the general theory of tourism, Walter Hunziker and Kurt Kraph (1942) considered it both a human As well as economic activity. In 1974, Burkat and Medlik again brushed up this approach since they viewed tourism as a composite phenomenon embracing a whole range of different relationship between travelers and the host popu lation. The intensity foreign exchange requirement was found at its peak and the tourism appeared to all of them an important source to be tapped optimally. In the face of succulent benefit, the developed, less developed and even the Developing countries started assigning due weight age to the tourism industry in their national development agenda. We agree with this view that with tremendous Socio-economic potential, the tourism industry is considered to be an economic bonanza which paves avenues for the Development of a number of allied Industries, such as hotel, communication, banking transportation, trade and commerce or so. In addition, we also consider tourism a potential source for making possible world peace through mutual appreciation and international understanding. In the Indian perspective, we find Seventh Five Year Plan as watershed in the Development of tourism industry. For the first time, the vast potential of tourism as a foreign exchange earner and generator of employment opportunities was recognized. Several policy initiatives were taken to develop the tourism sector In the development of tourism, the public sector has made a significant contribution. Of late, the industry is equipped with a reasonable infrastructural base and is poised for a self-sustained growth. The future growth of tourism is required to be activated with the support of the private sector. The strategy for the development of tourism is required to be designed on the basis of low-cost economy, higher level productivity, efficiency in the use of infrastructure and sophisticated tourist facilities. The tourism industry bounced back from the global economic slowdown of last year with 2011 poised to show a positive growth number. As a matter of fact tourism is one of the largest industries globally, both in terms of size and employment ($5.4 trillion and 8.6 per cent of the global workforce.) Indian tourism industry contributes 6.4% of total GDP. This compares to 3.3% for automotives manufacturing, 4.5% for education and 3.7% for the mining industry. So INR 6.7 billion is contributing from tourism industry in India. PRODUCT PROFILE 1. Holiday as a Base Mass Market, Popular Market 2. Demand as base Primary, Secondary opportunity 3. Geography as a base Cities, Provinces, Regions, Countries 4. Psychography as a base Lifestyle, Personality Motive, Product, Knowledge. 5. Demography as a base Age, Sex, Occupation, Class, Religion. 6. Socio-economic of base Rich, Poor, Rural, Urban, Literate, Illiterate 7. Purpose as a base Business Travel, Cultural Tourism, Common Interest 8. Age as base Kids, Teens, Youths, Young, Married, Single. The holiday base focuses or attention on the fact that long-distance tours require availability of more leisure hours. The holiday market is classified in terms of demand. The different categories are, the mass market, the popular market and the individual holiday market. The mass market involves largest number of- vacationists who generally travel in long groups. They prefer all-inclusive tours. The users belong to the conservative group in which we find skilled and semi-skilled workers, blue-collar employees as the potential users. The users are generally class one and class two groups, pensioners and retired people. The individual holiday market involves social group-A7 like corporate chairman and senior executives. We find an apparent change in the behavioral profile of different categories in the holiday base. Another base is purpose in which we find business travel market, cultural tourism market, common interest tourism market and conference and convention. The demand base classifies markets into primary tourism market, secondary tourism and opportunity tourism. The geographic base includes lifestyle, personality, motives, product and knowledge. The demography base covers age, sex occupation, class and religion. The socioeconomic base makes classification like rich, poor, rural, urban, literate and illiterate. The age-base classifies markets for kids, teens, youths, young married and old people market. The aforesaid small segments simplify the task of tourist professionals. They know about the changing needs and requirements of different segments and innovate their strategic decisions accordingly. The development of marketing resources in tune with the changing levels of expectations make the ways for the stimulation of demand and simplify the task or marketers. It is in this context that we need to segment the market for the different allied industries helping the tourism industry in many ways. Designing a Package Tour In the process of formulating a sound product strategy, there are a number of factors to be given due attention. The designing of a package tour occupies a place of outstanding significance. For the profitable marketing of tourism services, it is pertinent that the different components of product are managed in a right fashion. This gravitates our attention on the offering of a package holiday product which necessitates management of the following factors. Destination The development of destination or tourist sites has a far-reaching impact on attracting the tourists. It is essential that destination or the tourist sites are easily accessible. This necessitates safe, fast and reliable transportation facilities hither and thither the tourist sites. To be more specific for promoting world tourism or attracting the foreign tourists, it is essential that the flying time is made proportionate. The site should be clean, the beaches should be sandy, sun-shine should be certain, the entertainment facilities at the site should be of quality the site should be safe to walk about, the local people should be friendly, the tour operator, the travel guides and others should have competence of speaking English and other regional languages. These facilities at the destination would add attractions. Management of Airport While managing the tourism product, the airports are required to be managed carefully. The airport should be local and convenient. The arrangement for car parking should be safe and adequate. It should not be congested but it should be spacious. In addition, the shopping facilities should be duty free. The airport should be clean and the vehicles should be available so that tourist doesnt face any trouble. Besides, the security arrangement should be tight to protect the passengers and their valuables. The aesthetic management occupies a place of significance in the very context. Airlines The flights should maintain the time schedule otherwise a dislocation may invite multifaceted problems, not only to the tourists but even to the airport authorities. The services should be reliable, good and polite. The sophisticated modern aircrafts of new generation should be included in the fleet to attract the tourists. The safety record should also be up to mark to remove the fear psychosis or psycho-fobia. Road and Rail Transportation For the tourists preferring to travel by buses of railways, it is significant that the stations are well managed. The booking and reservation counters should be managed scientifically. The enquiry should be controlled by efficient and well behaved staff. The safety arrangement should be adequate to counter the law and order signposts should be positioned at right places to help the travelling passengers. Hotels For managing the hotel services, it is essential that we are also careful to the hotel accommodation facilities. It is pertinent that hotels are easily accessible to the tourist sites or beaches or shops. The hotel personnel trustworthy and competent enough to speak English and other regional languages. They are supposed to be friendly. The management of facilities at hotels need due care. Though the standard of services, amenities and facilities depend upon the grade of hotels still it is essential that hotels offer the promised services to the users. The gap between the services-promised and service-offered should be bridge over. The hotels should be well maintained, the decor should be attractive; possibly a fair mix of eastern and western culture, the atmosphere should be calm and quiet; specially at the night time, public rooms should be adequate in number, the swimming pool should be neat and clean where inflow and outflow of water should be scientific to protect the danger of water contamination or pollution. There should be bar with good range of drinks. The bedrooms should be spacious in which balcony facilities should be made available. The childcare services should also be made available. Particularly at the beach resorts, the sea view should be possible with all rooms, in-room telephonic services should be available, in, and room-TV should be provided. There should be adequate cupboard space. The hangers should be attractive and artistic, toilets should be neat and clean and well equipped with east and west provisions. The lighting and ventilation arrangements should be adequate. The intensity of light at different points should be given due weightage. While managing hotels, the restaurants and cafeterias also need due care. The restaurants and cafeterias should be well managed. The food and drinks should have taste-orientation. The varieties of meals and drinks should be available. The seating arrangements should be comfortable, the meal should be flexible and the hotel personnel should be polite and friendly. Resort Representatives Regarding representatives of resort, they should be-knowledgeable friendly, accessible and competent. Miscellaneous In addition, the fellow travelers should be like-minded. The main thing is to make the tour pleasant and memorable. If the tourists have companionable fellow travelers, the journey would of course remain memorable. The aforesaid facts make it clear that being an amalgam of a number of industries and services, the tourism industry is known as a multi-segment industry in which the designing of a package which proves its instrumentality as a motivational force is found a bit difficult and challenging. It requires professional excellence so that we are in a position to assess the changing levels of expectations of the guests/tourists and all the required amenities and facilities are made available to help tourists to go to the destination, to enjoy and to come back safely. The tour operators and transport operators bear the responsibility of formulating a package tour and therefore they should have world class professional excellence to know and understand their changing needs and requirements. The services are related to a number of industries managed by others and therefore, the tour operators and transport operators managing the affairs should make it sure that whatever the promises they have made on behalf of hotels, airways, railways, roadways are not to be distorted. This is likely to project the image of tour operators and therefore a gap between the services-promised and services-offered would make the task difficult. It is against this background that designing of a package tour occupies a place of outstanding significance and all the allied industries making the package are required to be careful that they are not inviting degeneration. DEMAND DETERMINATION OF THE INDUSTRY You should know this fact that India is such a country which is rich in beautiful and amazing places. Some places are god created whereas some are manmade. But in spite of having unbeatable tourism potential, lesser number of tourists visit different destinations of India for which it is known. Though Government authorities are continuously paying attention towards the growth of the tourism industry but still it is lacking the attention of a good number of travelers. It is a fact that tourism industry is contributing a large amount to the total GDP of the country so governments want to attract a good number of tourists to India. But Indian tourism is lacking a good number of tourists. This may be due to various reasons. Some of the important reasons are: PRICE:- While time and price are self-explanatory, pricing is an art in itself and requires careful study as part of corporate policy. Price is the most powerful single variable in the marketing mix. But it does not operate in isolation. Value for money, albeit at different levels, is imperative. The product must be in demand or fashionable. It may be in short supply. Competition can be weak or strong, affecting achievable rates. The wide variety of airline and hotel rates for basically the same product at different times and conditions of sale reflect these characteristics. The market may be very price sensitive, as in the case of traffic from Northern European urban areas to Mediterranean beaches where there is a strong competition and a wide choice. There are also resorts and their establishments offering exclusive attractions, justifying a premium price. Price discounting and discrimination, and segmentation, in the market has always been a feature in travel services. The historic rule is to charge what the market will bear. The product is highly perishable and cannot be stored. It is necessary normally to appeal to a number of different segments. The railways invented first-, second- and third-class travel on scheduled services. When capacity exceeded demand, excursions and package tours were invented, the purpose being to sell to capacity and maximize the yield or return. Prices can be lowered segment by segment. But the marketing task is to ensure that cheap traffic does not drive out or invade the higher price and regular clientele. Airlines, for example, offer Saturday night stopover fares at half or less than full fare, on the assumption that full fare paying travelers, notably business travelers, will not stay over the weekend. In times of crisis or recession, special rates apply. In fact, recession has always been the mother of invention in tourism, giving rise to new initiatives that created new movement. Packages, cruises, specialist tours are all examples. Indeed many hotels have created events to attract business. Tactical plans must be highly flexible, short term and changing to meet the varying tides in demand, especially seasonal change. Economic and political perturbations usually unexpected, can alter trade suddenly and sometimes with great force. Currency devaluation, the Gulf War and the severe recession of 1991 in world markets are examples. The strategic plan with its long-term marketing implications needs consideration with the development plan. As marketing has a key role in product formulation the plan must select market segments. For example, it may give priority to quality and higher priced services, which will affect the investment in equipment to provide luxury items. It will be important to select segments that fit together. At a later stage in preparing the marketing plan, a detailed product/market match exercise will be necessary. The early resort promoters understood the selective approach very well. There were from their inception select resorts, usually quiet, small and patronized by the upper classes and higher spenders, and large, gregarious resorts which were popular centers for lower class visitors. THE SUPPLY DETERMINANTS:- There are supply determinants, ranging from absolutes such as under- or overcapacity to infrastructure weakness, e.g. transport bottlenecks and health and security dangers or political instability. Such factors can seriously limit or even destroy for a time a tourist destinations reception capacity. The marketing plan will take such factors into account. SEGMENTATION AND MOTIVATION:- Two key aspects of the third demand determinant consumer preference need careful study. Indeed the success of the whole marketing operation depends on this. They are segmentation and motivation. Tourisms mass expansion takes many different forms. It is a heterogeneous not a homogeneous movement, made up of many different types of traveler, seeking a wide range of tourism products. Thus the mass movement divides up into a number of segments, each differing from the others and needing a separate approach in sales, servicing and product provision. There are many possible divisions and subdivisions which can be made usefully in planning, but essentially the segmentation task is to identify specific groups in the travelling population interested in the same type of facility and service. The group identified must be large enough to warrant separate marketing or production attention, to make a specialist approach profitable. It must also be possible and practical to reach this section of the population in an effective way. This means that the group should not be too dispersed, and that there should be efficient media and distribution channels enabling the producer to reach the customer at a reasonable marketing cost. There are a number of criteria and categories in segmenting the total market. POOR ARRANGEMENTS OF TRANSPORTATION FOR THE TOURISTS:-   Even after making lots of effort in improving qualities of the comforts for the tourists, it is said that the transportation system still requires to be improved. Tourists from outside India want to enjoy their tour with comforts in all respect and they are ready to pay for all these facilities. So it is essential to offer the best transport facilities for the tourists in order to attract more and more tourists. NON-STANDARDIZATION OF FARES AND RATES:-   There are not any standard fares and rates for the transportation. Due to this tourists face lots of problem. Most of the travel agencies want to earn more and more especially from the tourists outside India. This ultimately gives a bad impression of India on outsider. IMPROPER MAINTENANCE OF HERITAGES:-   With the advancement of tourism industry in India, numbers of  heritages  and resorts are built at different destinations in order to avoid inconvenience to the tourists. But most of the heritages are not maintained properly and these things are disliked by the tourists especially from outside India. LACK OF SECURITY AND CHANCES OF HARASSMENT:-   If we talk about the security of the tourists, it is little bit weak. We cant say with full confidence that the tourists who tour to India are secured completely. LACK OF TRAINED AND PASSIONATE PROFESSIONALS:-   Due to lack of trained and passionate professionals, tourists dont enjoy and get satisfied fully. LACK OF PROMOTIONAL STRATEGIES:-   Indian tourism must adopt a good number of promotional strategies which will help in attracting a large number of tourists. ABSENCE OF HYGIENIC AMENITIES IN THE RESORTS AND HOTELS:-   Though there are numbers of  hotels and resorts  but most of them lack in hygiene especially in the basic amenities which they offered to the tourists. PLAYERS IN THE INDUSTRY TOURISM COMPANIES MARKET SHARES Prime Travels Thomas Cook India SOTC tours Cox Kings Club Mahindra Holidays Kuoni Travel Group, India Galileo International Goodwind Travels Pvt. Ltd Airtravel Enterprise India Compass Tours India KEY ISSUES AND CURRENT TRENDS Tourism as one of the important foreign exchange earning industries has manifested great potential of growth under liberalized Indian economy. To attract the foreign tourists in India, liberal policies and reduction in taxes along with a comprehensive package for attracting tourist and foreign investment are the need of  the hour. There is also a need to increase the governments role in promoting India as a brand. Just like exports and other sectors, tourism will grow only if the India brand is established in the global market. Hence, we must have an open mind on alliances with other countries, which might help in adopting better promotion strategies, marketing, services and packaging. Only overall growth can help in improving revenue generation, which needs to grow in line with the additional capacity being setup by the hospitality industry. Present Position of Tourism Industry in India:- It may be mentioned here that the Government of India had no Tourism Policy for more than forty years since the initiation of planning in the country in1951. Consequently, no efforts were made to lay down any sort of infrastructure for the promotion and development of tourism industry in the country. As a matter of  fact, the country, after independence, had to pay serious attention towards increasing food production and laying down infrastructure for industrial development. On both the fronts, the country made tremendous progress and became leader of the developing nations. In order to achieve targets of faster economic growth, a number of Public Sector Enterprises were set up including India Tourism Development Corporation. However, no worthwhile progress was made in developing tourism in accordance with tourism potential of the country. It was only in 1992 that a tourism policy was laid down by the Government of India. As far as total revenue to the Government of India is concerned, tourism is the third largest source of foreign exchange earnings to the country after garments, gems and jewelry. India has tremendous potential to earn more foreign exchange because it has a huge and diverse potential for tourism ranging from pilgrimage tourism, beach tourism, eco-tourism, spiritual and health tourism to leisure and adventure tourism. The amazing diversity offers tourists everything they want to enjoy from a holiday but still we could not capitalize on the huge variety of  amusements offered by our country. In order to attract the influx of tourists in the years to come, the Government of India has allocated US $590 million for the tourism sector for the period of 2002-07. While the global tourism market has shown negative growth, tourist arrivals in India have improved a little in the recent past. This is a positive indication but much more can be done to promote inbound tourism in India. In brief i n India, the tourists feel insecure and irritated on account of  unwanted paper work, time consuming compliance of various rules and regulations, customs and immigration formalities, currency convertibility, beggars, tipping, bargaining, environmental pollution, transport problem, high rates and taxes etc. Beggars are such a nuisance that they are visible almost at all tourist spots, hotels, shopping centers, markets, monuments, places of worship, railway stations and bus stands. They constantly follow the visitors and there have been occasions that the tourists are so much irritated that they cut short their visits, shopping and spending. The tourists, thus, ignore India to avoid hassles and prefer other destinations where the specter of poverty and its manifestation like begging do not spoil their holiday spirit. Thus, Indias third largest foreign exchange earning industry is beset with a large number of problems. These problems have been examined in greater details in the pages that follow. RECENT CHALLENGES OF TOURISM INDUSTRY IN INDIA:- During the last few years tourists have witnessed good amount of violence and killing almost in every country including India. Kashmir, historically known as Heaven on the Earth, appears to be deserted on account of terrorism and violence. A large number of tourists, who used to visit and stay for a longer period in the Kashmir valley, do not tour the State of Jammu Kashmir for fear of violence and aggression. The business travelers also schedule their business trips only when it is absolutely essential. In fact, terrorism and violence have become the first and the foremost problem for tourists everywhere and India is no exception. The problem has assumed such alarming proportions that the world community must find its last in solution. The injustices done to the people in various parts of the world have result in great damage to tourism industry all over the world Tourists, especially of the developed countries; have been avoiding such destinations where there is any chance of viol ent activities against them. The problem has become so acute that the Governments in UK and the USA, in the recent past, had to issue travel advisories to their tourists. Though these travel advisories were, later on, withdrawn but the damage had already been done. India is not a preferred destination now for most of  the Western tourists who spend, from our standards, a lot of money on tourism. Tourists are also irritated on account of unwanted paper work, time was the compliance of rules and regulations in India. In addition to customs and immigration formalities, language barriers are also the major problems faced by the foreign visitors. The difficulties of entry and exit too spoil half of the holiday charm. Again, our poor infrastructure, shortage of packaged tours, lack of  connectivity between places, lack of transportation, our failure to create mass awareness throughout the world, polluted environment, discriminating economic and social behavior, inadequate and inexperi enced staff, uneasy current convertibility and lack of multi-linguistic guides come in their way of pleasant tour and make the foreign tourists reluctant to come to India. PEST Analysis The Indian tourism industry has seen rapid growth in the last few years. Before any kind of analysis is undertaken, it is important to find out what are the main environmental influences that have lead to this growth and how the extent to which the changes are occurring. This is important because the change in these factors can have significant effect on the way the industry performs. These environmental influences can be analyzed by using the PEST Analysis. The PEST Analysis within its parameters indicates the importance of the political, environmental, social and the technological changes on the industry. a) Political / Legal Political The political factors are the main force of the industry. The Indian tourism industry is built on the ba